英语四级考试重点语法汇总.docx

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英语四级考试重点语法汇总
大学英语四级语法精要
一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等)
（一）时态
1、主动形式
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
did
do
will/shall do
should/would do
进行
was/were doing
am/is/are doing
will/shall be doing
/
完成
had done
have/has done
will/shall have done
should/would have done用于虚拟语气
完成进行
had been doing
have/has been doing
/
/
2、被动形式
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
was/were given
am/is/are given
Will / shall be given
should/would be given
进行
was/were being given
am/is/are being given
/
/
完成
was/were being given
am/is/are being given
/
/
完成进行
/
/
/
/
· CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。
· 时间状语从句当中的时态：
一般过去时 所有的过去
用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来
现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成
3、现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
· I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve been sitting in the garden.
4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
· We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
· By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.
· I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
（二）语态
1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
· He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
· 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的有：assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。
· It is supposed that the ship has been sunk. The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
2、担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义。
· Why are you driving so fast in this area You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)
3、双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
1）双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语。
· He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary pre