从慈悲到正义--_--社会保障制度的伦理变迁.pdf

摘要本文立足西方社会有代表意义的伦理思想,梳理出了一条从慈悲到正义的社会保障的思想。在思想梳理完毕之后,本文指出了与此思想线索发展相应的社会保障发展的历史线索。接下来通过分析这些伦理思想如何影响社会保障发展,得出了社会保障发展的三个转变:保障形式由非正式制度转变为正式制度;保障对象由利益的照顾转变权利的保障;保障动力由个人道德转变为政府责任。从而明晰了社会保障发展的主观路径。在此分析之上,文章讨论了慈悲的局限性与正义对慈悲的超越,指出了两者在当代社会之间的关系:慈悲可以通过正义的形式而更加规范化;正义需要一种仁爱的环境,两者一起构成完整的社会保障伦理基础。在讨论慈悲正义理论关系的同时,笔者讨论了如何将这样的理论问题转化为现实问题的途径:如果将社会保障看作是一种公共物品的话,慈悲与正义的社会保障伦理在具体的实践中就表现为是不同社会保障物品。这样就可以通过多中心治理的手段,促进社会保障发展。本文最后将在对社会保障伦理发展已经做出梳理的基础上,与当前中国社会保障中伦理的建设结合起来,并借助一个现实的案例, 提出了社会保障伦理在具体保障项目实践上的意义。关键词:社会保障伦理慈悲正义伦理思想制度分析量I。rommercy tolustice V —_The ethicalchange of thesocialsecurity system Abstract This text isbased on theethicalthought,which isrepresentative inwestern society, andtheauthor finds out theclueofthought ofsocialsecurity which isfrommercy to thethought isfound,the authorpoints outthe historicalclue which is related tothethought ofsocialsecurity analyzing how the ethical thought influences thedevelopment socialsecurity,we call findthree transitions of ,the form ofsocialsecurity istransformed from theinformal institution totheformal ,the target of socialsecurity istransformed from thepersonal interests ,the motivity istransformed from the personal moralstogovernment’ weknow thesubjective route of articlediscusses the limitation ofmercy and the surmounting ofjustice,and pointed outthe relation ofthe two inmodem society. Mercy can bemore standardizationby theform ofjustice andjustice needs the environment two consist ofthe whole ethical foundation ofsocial discussing therelationshipbetweenmercy andjustice intheory,the author discusses how totum such atheoretical question into we regard the socialsecurity as akindofpublic goods,the mercy andjustice aredifferent socialsecurity thisway,we can use polycentric means insocialsecurity. On thebasisofthetheory ofthesocialsecurity ethics,the author rel