国际贸易对外经济贸易大学管理学原理考点精华UIBE.pdf

: .
国际贸易对外经济贸易大学管理学原理
cific field
 Human skills （人际技能）
 The ability to work well with other people
 Conceptual skills （概念技能）
 The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex
situations concerning the organization
•
• An Organization Defined
 A deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose
• Common Characteristics of Organizations
 Have a distinct purpose (goal)
 Composed of people
 Have a deliberate structure
CHAPTER 2
Scientific Management
Taylor’s Four Principles of Management
1. Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the
old rule-of-thumb method. 科学方法
2. Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker. 科学培训
3. Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in
accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed. 忠心合作
4. Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers.
职责平等
5. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth 吉尔布雷斯夫妇
1. Focused on increasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted
motion
2. Developed the microchronometer to time worker motions and optimize performance
6. Henri Fayol
1. Believed that the practice of management was distinct from other
organizational functions
2. Developed fourteen principles of management that applied to all organizational
situations
Division of work.
Authority.
Discipline.
Unity of command.
Unity of direction.
Subordination of individual interest to the interests of the organization. Remuneration.