[]考研英语语法十天速成超详细笔记.doc

《[]考研英语语法十天速成超详细笔记》.doc考研英语语法 10 :表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面 must/mustn ’ t,;can/cann ’ t;need/needn ’ t;may/mayn ’ t;might/mightn ’ t;should/shouldn ’t; ough t 等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的 1 .表示已经发生的情况。 1) must have+ 过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为“(昨天)一定……”。如: My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: ” Are you feeling all right? ”[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be (答案为 C) 2) can ’t/ couldn ’t have+ 过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为“(昨天)一定没……”。如: Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. [A] couldn ’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn ’t have received (答案为 A) 3) may / might have + 过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为“也许……”。如: At Florida Power ’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician. 2 .表示虚拟语气。 1) needn ’t have + 过去分词,表示做了不必做的事,相当于” didn ’t need to do ”, 译为“其实没必要……”。如: You needn ’t e over yourself. As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally. [A] needn ’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] needn ’t have dressed up ( 没有必要穿的那么正式,体现是说话者的建议,实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定,答案为 D) 2) should have + 过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,译为“本应该……” should not + have 过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了,译为“本不应该……”。如: I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully. 我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好,但实际上作者还是没有规划好,以至工作没有完成。 3) ought to have + 过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,但实际上未发生,译为“该……”,与 should 的完成式含义类似。如: T he porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke . 4) could have + 过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……”。这点与 ought/should/ have + 过去分词用法相似。如: What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully. 5) may/ might have + 过去分词,表示过去可以做但实际未做,译为“(那样)也许会……”。如: It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time