含故障参数的铁道车辆非线性动力学模型 (1).pdf

Classified Index : . : Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering THE NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL MODEL OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE WITH FAULT PARAMETERS Candidate : Zhao Na Supervisor : Prof. Cao Dengqing Academic Degree Applied for : Master of Engineering Specialty : General Mechanics Affiliation: Spacecraft Dynamics and Control Institute Date of Oral Examination : June, 2008 University : Harbin Institute of Technology 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文- I - 摘要我国铁路网基本上是客、货共线运输的铁路网,随着客运速度的提高, 货运速度也得到相应提高。但货车提速给货车安全带来了严重的隐患。与铁路客车转向架相比, 我国铁路货车的转向架非线性结构和环节较多, 动力学分析模型复杂,非线性动力学问题突出。在工程实际运用过程中,由于非线性动力学问题而引起的脱轨、倾覆等行车安全性事故较多。货车提速后各方面的矛盾和问题更加显著,主要体现为零部件的磨耗加剧、松动丢失现象增多,关键部件的裂纹和断裂事故增多。由于轮轨作用力是车辆动力学系统的重要输入参数,而轮轨关系十分复杂,本文采用 LM 磨耗型踏面与 60kg/m 钢轨配合,对于轮对根据其踏面外形进行了专门建模。作为算例,研究了悬挂刚度作为故障参数对于单一轮对运动响应的影响。然后,建立了三大件式转向架货车车辆的整车模型,该模型为多自由度强非线性系统,考虑了 39 个自由度,充分考虑了各种非线性因素,包括轮轨接触几何关系非线性、轮轨蠕滑率和蠕滑力非线性、轴箱悬挂非线性、楔块摩擦减振非线性、抗菱刚度和菱形角位移之间非线性。在研究中采用了我国三大干线轨道谱作为系统激励。在模型建立过程中,对各部件中存在的故障因素进行了全面分析,重点研究了二系悬挂减振装置的磨耗。在此基础上引入转向架故障参数,从而建立了一个含有各种非线性因素和故障参数的多自由度模型。随后,运用一种高精度预测—校正积分方法对其进行数值仿真计算,在此结果上考察了转向架的故障参数对于车辆系统运动稳定性的影响。通过理论分析和数值仿真,本研究工作为今后发展以非线性动力学分析为基础的车辆故障诊断技术做了有益的尝试,可以相信,在此基础上一种新型的车辆故障诊断技术将应运而生。关键词 三大件转向架;非线性动力学;故障参数;蛇行运动稳定性哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文- II - Abstract Passenger trains share the lines with freight trains in most of the railway network in China. As the speed of passenger trains increased, the speed of freight trains increased accordingl y. However, speed increasing brings the fr eight trains serious security risks. Compared with the bogie of passenge r trains, there ar e more nonlinear structures and links in the bogie of fre ight trains. Its dynamic model is more complex and the proble ms caused by nonl inear dynamics are mo re serious. There are more traffic accidents such as dera ilment and overturning in the process of application. All the contradi ctions and problems e more obvious after the freight trains’ speed going up. The wear of some parts is being aggravated while some othe