南开大学结构化学课件1.pdf

Nankai University第一章:第一章:量子力学基础量子力学基础8ml2h2E1=E2= 4E1E3= 9E1E4= 16E1n = 1n = 2n = 3n = 4----++++++l0l0|ψ(x)|2ψ(x)xx电子-+真空石英管光VA电子-+ University§§ 旧量子论旧量子论(The Old Quantum Theory)(The Old Quantum Theory) 经典物理学经典物理学((Classical MechanicsClassical Mechanics))十九世纪末期,经典物理学十九世纪末期,经典物理学““完美完美””的理论的理论机械运动→牛顿机械运动→牛顿((NewtonNewton))力学力学电磁现象和光→麦克斯韦尔电磁现象和光→麦克斯韦尔((MaxwellMaxwell))方程方程热现象→热力学和统计物理学热现象→热力学和统计物理学((BoltzmannBoltzmann&Gibbs&Gibbs))““The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been discovered, and these are now so firmly science have all been discovered, and these are now so firmly established that the possibility of their ever being supplanted established that the possibility of their ever being supplanted in in consequence of new discoveries is exceedingly remote.... Our consequence of new discoveries is exceedingly remote.... Our future discoveries must be looked for in the sixth place of future discoveries must be looked for in the sixth place of decimadecima””Albert. A. Michelson(Albert. A. Michelson(迈克耳逊迈克耳逊))speech at the dedication of Ryerson Physics Lab, U. of Chicagospeech at the dedication of Ryerson Physics Lab, U. of Chicago18941894““There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurementremains is more and more precise measurement””--Kelvin, Lord William ThomsonKelvin, Lord William ThomsonAlbert A. Michelson became the first American to receive a Nobel Prize in physics, 1907Nankai University... The beauty and clearness of the dynamical theory, which ... The beauty and clearness of the dynamical theory, which asserts heat and light to be modes of motion, is at present asserts heat and light to be modes o