语言学复习提纲.doc

Chapter 1 Introduction [A] The definition of linguistics C ollecting data. Scientific study Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language ( 对语言进行的科学研究) [B] The scope of linguistics General linguistics 普通语言学: the study of language asa whole 从整体研究 1. ics : the general study of the characteristics of speech sounds (or the study of the phonic medium of language) (How speech sounds are produced and classified) 2. Phonology : is essentially the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds ina language. (How sounds form systems and function to convey meaning) 3. Morphology : the study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words (how morphemes bined to form words) 4. Syntax : the study of those rules that govern bination of words to form permissible sentences (how morphemes and words bined to form sentences) 5. Semantics : the study of meaning in abstraction 6. Pragmatics : the study of meaning in context of use Sociolinguistics : the study of language with reference to society Psycholinguistics : the study of language with reference to the workings of the mind Applied linguistics : the application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning Anthropological linguistics, neurological linguistics; mathematical linguistics; mathematical linguistics; computational linguistics [C] Some important distinctions in lin