初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解，专项练习及参考答案.doc

1 被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式, 表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系, 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一. 被动语态的时态: : am /is/ are +动词的过去分词 : was /were +动词的过去分词 : will be +动词的过去分词 : am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词 : have /has +been +动词的过去分词 :情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词二. 被动语态的基本用法: (1) 需要强调动作的承受者时 The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world English is widely spoken in the world now. (2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时 Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today . The problem is dealt with now . (3) 当说话人需要强调客观时 It is said that she was a beauty when she was young . 三. 主动主动语态变被动语态的变法: 口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓变 be done ,时不变,数格必须随被变。注: 、被动的时态要一致。 、被动的句式要一致。 。语态转换不被动语态的步骤 1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语 2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+ 过去分词"。 3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语, 如果需要就放在 by 的后面以它的宾格形式出现( 因为 by 是介词, 后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。) 以指明做事的人或物, 如果没有必要, 可以省略。 4, 其它成分不变 5, 被动语态中"by+ 宾语" 的省略 2 被动语态句式中的"by+ 宾语" 表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者, 但是在遇到以下情况时, 表示动作执行者"by +宾语" 常常被省略。(1) 动作执行者不确定时 Paper is made from wood . Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year . (2) 不必表明动作执行者时 English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages Football is played in most schools 。(3) 动作执行者为一般大众时 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area. 一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were + 过去分词+by It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute . (2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by She was not given a paniting by him . This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday . (3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were +主语+ 过去分词+by ? Was it made of bamboo? (4) 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by What was is made of? 教你一招如果句子为一般现在时, 主动语态用 do/does , 被动语态用 is/am /are 如果句子为一般过去时, 主动语态用 did , 被动语态用 was /were . 由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+ 情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice. She ought to tidy up her bedroom----Her bedroom ought to be tidied up. 3 You should buy a dictionary at once ----A dictionary should be bought at once by you. (2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be + 过去分词+by You must not