美国超验主义英语介绍.ppt

Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生 Henry David Thoreau梭罗
American Transcendentalism美国超验主义
A broad, philosophical movet[无所不能的],from which all things came and of which everyone was a part.
二. the importance of the individual

三. nature is the symbol of Spirit or God
absolute good
unspotted innocence of nature
humanity was godlike and that evil was nonexistent appeared to be an optimistic folly
Creeds
Sources

[the romantic literature of Europe]

[neo-Platonism]

[German idealistic philosophy]

[Oriental mysticism]
Weaknesses
The transcendentalist movement had a small membership and only lasted for a few years.
The transcendentalism was never a systematic philosophy. It borrowed from many sources.
The failure of transcendentalism as a moral force in American life was its denial of its real spiritual origin.
爱默生
Ralph Waldo Emerson
梭罗
Henry David Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson [一八0三-一八八二]
philosopher, lecturer, essayist, and poet,
leading the Transcendentalist movement
a champion[拥护者] of individualism
a prescient[有先见之明的] critic of the countervailing[对抗性的] pressures of society.
Nature. It is the Bible of transcendentalists. It contains almost everything Emerson wants to say in the rest of his life. His later works were mostly to illustrate the book.

“American Scholar”: American’s declaration of intellectual independence.[ to develop American’s own culture]
Emerson's work
Henry David Thoreau
一八一七-一八六二
He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.
Walden
It wasn’t a successful book at the time it was published and has been virtually forgotten until 二0th century.
It is the careful recording of day-to-day life at Walden pound an