英语说明文写作方法有哪些.docx

英语说明文写作方法有哪些
罗列法〔listing〕
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…andfinally加以罗列说明。罗列法
广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文
就是用罗列tion，butmanypersonsfoolishlytireoutthemselvesbycyclingtoomuch。
Thesamemaybesaidinregardtofootball。Tennisisapleasantformofrecreation。Manypersonstakegreatdelightinboating。Fishingrequiresmuchpatience，andthereismuchdangeroftakingcoldbysittingstillonacolddaytoolong。Agoodbrisk〔轻松〕walkisoneofthefinest
formsofexercise。Forpersonsengagedinoutdoorlabor，chess-playingisanotherexcellentformofrecreation。
可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。
比拟法〔comparisonandcontrast〕
比拟法是对两个对象进行比拟，从而进行说明的写
作手法。比拟法又可细分为比拟相同点〔comparison〕和比
较不同点〔contrast〕两种方法，比方
FromParagraphtoEssay
Althoughtheyaredifferentinlength〔长度〕，theparagraphandtheessayarequitesimilarinstructure〔结构〕。Forexample，theparagraphstartswitheitheratopicsentence〔主题句〕oratopic
introducerfollowedbyatopicsentence。Intheessay，thefirstparagraphsetsupthetopicfocus〔主题所
在〕Next，thesentencesinthebodyofaparagraphdevelopthetopicsentence。Similarly，thebodyofanessayconsistsofanumberofparagraphsthatdiscussandsupporttheideasgivenintheintroductory〔引
导的〕paragraph。Finally，aconcludingsentence〔结束句〕——whetherarestatement，conclusion，orobservation——endstheparagraph。Theessay，too，hasaconcludingparagraphwhichendstheessaylogicallyandsatisfactorily。Althoughtherearesomeexceptions〔例外〕，mostwellwrittenexpository〔说明文的〕paragraphsandessaysaresimilarinstructure。
可以看出，在比拟相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，inthesamecase，inspiteofthedifference等这样的词语。
EuropeanFootballandAmericanFootballAlthoughEuropeanfootballistheparentof
Americanfootball，thetwogamesshowseveralmajordifferences。Europeanfootball，sometimescalledassociationfootballorsoccer，isplayedin80countries，makingitthemostwidelyplayedsportintheworld。Americanfootball，ontheotherhand，ispopularonlyinNorthAmerica
〔theUnitedStatesandCanada〕。Soccerisplayedbyelevenplayerswitharoundball。Football，alsoplayedbyelevenplayersinsomewhatdifferentpositions〔位置〕onthefield，
isplayedwithanelongated〔拉长的〕roundball。
S