Replacing High-Bleed Pneumatic Devices - EPA更换高引气动装置- EPA Pneumatic Devices Pneumatic devices are found in every gs Measurement Liquid Level Pressure Temperature Flow Weak Signal Bleed (Continuous) Strong Signal Vent (Intermittent) Process Flow Control Valve Valve Actuator Strong Pneumatic Signal Weak Pneumatic Signal (3 - 15 psi) Regulator 100+ psi Gas Regulated Gas Supply 20 psi Sources of Methane Losses As part of normal operations, pneumatic devices release natural gas into the atmosphere High-bleed devices bleed in excess of 6 scf per hour Equates to >50 Mcf per year Typical high-bleed pneumatic devices bleed an average of 140 Mcf per year The actual bleed rate is largely dependent on the device’s design Magnitude of Methane Losses Major source of methane losses from the natural gas industry Pneumatic devices are used throughout the natural gas industry Between 90,000 to 130,000 in the transmission sector Over 250,000 in the production sector In the distribution sector most pneumatic devices are non-bleeding pressure regulators Losses from Pneumatic Devices Gas Industry Oil Industry Production 31 Bcf 22 Bcf Processing 16 --- Transmission 14 --- Total 61 Bcf 22 Bcf
Total Gas/Oil 83 Bcf/yr Three Options for Reducing Losses Option 1: Replace high-bleed devices with low-bleed devices Option 2: Retrofit controller with bleed reduction kits Option 3: Maintenance aimed at reducing losses Option 1: Replace High-Bleed Devices Most applicable to: Controllers: liquid-level and pressure Positioners and Transducers Suggested Action: Evaluate replacements Replace at end of device’s useful life Early replacement Economics of Replacement a All data based on Partners’ experiences. See Lessons Learned for more information. b Range of incremental costs c Gas price is assumed to be $3/Mcf. Economics of Retrofit a On high-bleed controllers b All data based on Partners’ experiences. See Lessons