M5U1不定式与动名词的用法.doc

M5U1不定式与动名词
一不定式
动词不定式可以在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾补。
作主语
egl To take roller coaster is terrible.
eg2 To do like that is f示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等
Don't let the children trouble you.
I heard someone open the door.
但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上to
His father made him go to bed early.
—He was made to go to bed early by his father.
作定语
不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：
能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan 等
egl He hasn't kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.
常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness 等
eg2 His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.
序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：
She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.
注意：不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的动宾关系，如果该不定式是不 及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。
egl She has a piece of paper to write on.（动宾关系=write on a piece of paper）
eg2 There's nothing to worry about.（动宾关系=worry about nothing）
作状语
不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
to..., in order to so as to ...作目的状语，不能放在句首。
（2005 年辽宁卷 22 题）All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas.
A. in order to have received B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving
作结果状语，要放在句子后面。
egl I'm too tired to walk any further tonight.
eg2 He searched the room only to find nothing.
表原因
egl I'm glad to meet you.
eg2 She was shocked to