我县核桃产业发展现状及改良对策.doc

我县核桃产业发展现状及改良对策
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end原因,虽然面积发展较快,但核桃栽培仍沿用传统技术,苗木质量、整地方法、栽植技术不能达到要求。二是成县的核桃主要分布在丘陵山区,立地条件较差,管理粗放,对核桃树不修剪、不施肥、不灌溉、不防病治虫,致使树体高大,冠内荫蔽,通风透光性差,病虫害滋生蔓延,对生产发展极为不利。三是由于急功近利思想,乱剪滥伐枝条出售,破坏性采枝影响正常生长,单产低,产量不稳定。四是近年来虽然开始重视规划、品种选择、栽培技术和管理,但具体的操作还是跟不上,效果不大理想。仍存在品种混杂、苗木大小不匀、等问题,这些问题会导致今后出现成熟期不一致、病虫害泛滥等问题,从而影响效益。
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities12
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities
(三)苗圃管理不规范。　　
成县核桃品种嫁接苗的批量生产以来,出现大量的个体育苗户,也带来了一定的经济效益。但苗圃管理不规范,无人监管,没有统一的技术和接穗配置,致使苗木品种混杂,苗木质量不理想,对优良品种的推广不利,严重影响了产业的前景和效益。
(四)采收技术落后。　　
成县核桃采收技术落后,以传统采收技术为主,就是待核桃青皮转黄时,一齐用竹竿击落,拾起堆沤去壳,晾干贮藏。这样采收的核桃外壳色泽不均一,光滑洁净度差,部分核仁也有些变色变质,商品价值低。其主要表现为:一是采收过早,种仁不饱满,出仁率低,出油率低;二是采收过迟,因在温度较高的气候下,坚果要比果皮成熟的早,而果皮具有防止热量和水分散失的性能,使坚果热量积累,容易造成果仁温度升高到临界有害温度43℃,使坚果吸收水分很快变质;三是在采后脱青皮、漂洗及晾晒等方面不够重视,核桃外壳色泽不均、不光滑、不洁净,严重影响外观质量。
（五）受自然灾害影响严重，大小年结果现象严重。
我县的核桃由于由于缺乏管理，大多属于野生树，树冠高大，而且这些果树大多属于自生苗木，种植不集中，不利于精细管理。同时，由于近几年我县我县晚霜冻频发，使核桃在扬花期遭受晚霜冻而找不到行之有效的预防途径，导致产量剧减。
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network protection facilities
of rural drinking water sources, protection of drinking water sources in rural areas by the end of the delimitation of the scope of protection, complete with warning signs, isolating network prot