The quest for artificial intelligence a history of ideas and achievements-[1]-[Nils J Nilsson].pdf

THE QUEST FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
A HISTORY OF IDEAS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
Web Version
Print version published by Cambridge University Press
/0521122937
Nils J. Nilsson
Stanford University
1
Copyright
c 2010 Nils J. Nilsson
/∼nilsson/
All rights reserved. Please do not reproduce or cite this version. September 13, 2009.
Print version published by Cambridge University Press.
/0521122937
0
For Grace McConnell Abbott,
my wife and best friend
2
Copyright
c 2010 Nils J. Nilsson
/∼nilsson/
All rights reserved. Please do not reproduce or cite this version. September 13, 2009.
Print version published by Cambridge University Press.
/0521122937

Contents
I Beginnings 17
1 Dreams and Dreamers 19
2 Clues 27
From Philosophy and Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
From Life Itself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Neurons and the Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Psychology and Cognitive Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Development and Maturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Bionics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
From Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Automata, Sensing, and Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Statistics and Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
puter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
II Early Explorations: 1950s and 1960s 71
3 Gatherings 73
Session on Learning Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
The Dartmouth Summer Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Mechanization of Thought Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4 Pattern Recognition 89
3
Copyright
c 2010 Nils J. Nilsson
/∼nilsso