合同解释原理
第1页,共52页,2022年,5月20日,7点45分,星期二
Outline(大纲)
Legal System Layers
法定体系层
Sources of Law
法的来源
Contracts
合同
第2页mp (1970). Factory burned down due to faulty material. $2,300limitied liability in contract was waived and $170,000 paid.
Precedent - in the event of fundamental breach (a breach of such nature as to go to the very root of the contract)an exmption clause in a contract would not afford protection to the party that committed the breach
第11页,共52页,2022年,5月20日,7点45分,星期二
先例案例 - 根本性的违约
可能应用于解释无效合同中的免除条款.
案例历史
Harbutt Plaasticine v. Wayne Tank & Pump (1970). 由于不合格材料导致工厂被烧毁。合同中$2,300的有限责任被放弃,赔偿了 $170,000。
先例 --根本上违反合同中的免除条款(该违反涉及到合同中的根本性问题)不能对违反条款方提供保护。
第12页,共52页,2022年,5月20日,7点45分,星期二
The Theory of Deep Pockets
The purpose of Contract Lawis to compensate wronged parties for their damages (not for punishment)
Therefore, legal action will tend to be made against those with the greatest capacity to pay.
第13页,共52页,2022年,5月20日,7点45分,星期二
深口袋理论
合同法的目的在于为受害方的损失提供赔偿(不是为了惩罚)
因此,法律行为通常针对最有支付能力的一方。
第14页,共52页,2022年,5月20日,7点45分,星期二
Contract Law
Definition
relationship between 2 or more people defining rights and obligations
5 Essential Elements of Enforceability
Offer and Acceptance
Mutual Intent
Aconsideration was paid (If not, then the contract is an “agreement”.
Capacity (18 yrs of age, sound mind, capable)
Lawful Purpose
第15页,共52页,2022年,5月20日,7点45分,星期二
合同法
定义
在两方或多方之间定义权利和义务的一种关系
具备法律效力的五个关键因素
提供和接受
双方自愿
已支付 报酬 (如果没有支付,该合同仅仅是一个协议)。
法律承担能力 (18岁以上,精神正常,有能力)
合法的目的
第16页,共52页,2022年,5月20日,7点45分,星期二
Bilateral vs. Unilateral Contracts
Every contract involves at least two parties: an offeror and an offeree. The offeror promises to do or not to do something. Whether a contract is unilateral or bilateral depends on what the offeree must do to accept.
A bilateral contract is a promise for a promise; if the offeree need only promise to perform, the contract is bilateral.
A unilateral contract is a promise for an act; if the offere
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