,butbecausetheweightof
《给水排水专业英语》
译文:(第一课)
给水工程
我们知道,水的供应对生命的生计至关重要。人类需要喝水,动redaselevationofthewatertableinanunconfined
aquiferoraspressureinaconfinedaquifer,in(m能量,在非承压含水层中,即水位线的标高;
在承压含水层中,即压力;单位为m)
L=horizontaldistanceindirectionofflow,inm(水流水平距离的长度,m)
Thesymbol(delta)simplymeans“achangein,”asin“(a符change号△仅inlength,L.
仅表示一种变化,如在长度上出现的一种变化)Thusthisequationmeansthatthereisa
change(loss)ofenergy,h,aswaterflowsthroughthesoilsomedistance,(
水在土壤缝隙中的流动距离为L是,出现能量上的变化为h)
Inanunconfinedaquifer(在非承压含水层),thedropintheelevationofthewatertablewith
distanceistheslopeofthewatertableinthedirectionofflow(水位线高度在水流距离上的落差
是一个沿水流方向的水位斜坡).Theelevationofthewatersurfaceisthepotentialenergyofthe
water(水面的高度表示着水的势能),andwaterflowsfromahigherelevationtoalowerelevation
(水从高处流向低处时),losingenergyalongtheway(沿程会有能量的损失).Flowthrougha
porousmediumsuchassoilisrelatedtotheenergylossusingtheDarcyequation(水在近似于土壤
的多孔性介质中流动时的水头损失按达西公式计算)
Q=KA(△h/△L)
Where(式中)K=coefficientofpermeability,inm/day(浸透系数,单位为m/d)
A=cross-sectionalarea,inm2(过水断面面积,单位为
m2)
TheDarcyequationmakesintuitivesense(达西公式给人直觉),inthattheflowrate(Q)
increaseswithincreasingarea(A)throughwhichtheflowoccursandwiththedropinpressure,△
h/△L(流量跟着过流面积和压降的增大而增大).Thegreaterthedrivingforce(thedifference
inupstreamanddownstreampressures),thegreaterthe(flow驱动水的压力差越大[指上下游间的
不一样水压],水的流量越大).Thefactor,K(系数K),isthecoefficientofpermeability(指渗
透性系数),anindirectmeasureoftheabilityofasoilsampletotransmitwater(土壤样品透水能
力的间接指标),canbemeasuredbyapermeametershowninFigure(能2够经过图2所示的渗
透测试仪测得);itvariesdramaticallyfordifferentsoils(不一样土壤的浸透系数相差很大),ranging
()toover5000m/dayforgravel(砾石则超出
5000m/d).Thecoefficientofpermeabilityismeasuredcommonlyinthelaboratoryusing
permeameters(浸透系数一般在实验室经过浸透测
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