Languageandregionalvariation-语言和区域变体.pptx

18 .Language and regional variation
content
planning
and creoles

post-creole continuum
Language planning
What is language planning?
Why do we need language planning?
What are the stages of language planning?
Language planning
Definition:
choosing and developing an official language or languages for use in government and education.
Why do we need language planning?
Language planning
In the United States , there are some people who live in munities where English is not the first language of the home.


Question: Which language should be selected as the language used in government and education?
answers :on the basis of language planning.
Name
language
San Antonia, Texas
Spanish & English
Guatemala
Spanish & 26Mayan languages
Language planning
Government, legal and anizations in many countries have to plan which variety or varieties of the language spoken in the country are to be used for official business
country
Official government language
Israel
Hebrew
India
Hindi
not the most widely used language
What’s the process of language planning?
5 stages of language planning
Selection: choose an official language
Codification: establish the standard variety (basic grammar, dictionaries, written models.)
Elaboration: use in all aspects of social life ,literary work written in the standard
Implementation: government encourages use of the standard
Acceptance: a substantial majority of the population e to use the standard.
Pidgins and creoles
In some areas, the standard chosen may be a variety that originally had no native speakers in the country.
Example: Tok Pisin
(皮钦语)
(1) In Papua New Guinea
(2) used in official business
(3) Now used by over a million people
(4)Began many years earlier as a kind of contact language called a pidgin
What is Pidgin?
Pidgins
1. Definition:
A pidgin is a variety of a language

that developed for some practical purpose, (such as trading)

among groups of people

wh