国培听力理解障碍分析.pptx

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Analysisoffactorsaffectinglistening
DifficultiesencounteredinListening
Quicklyforgetwhatisheard.
Donotrecognizewordstheyknow.
Understandthewordsbutnottheintendedmessage.
Neglectthenextpartwhenthinkingaboutmeaning.
Unabletoformamentalrepresentationfromwordsheard.
Donotunderstandsubsequentpartsofinputbecauseofearlierproblems.
Factorsoflisteners
(1)Experienceorpracticeinlisteningtothetargetlanguage:useofthemedia(film,TV,radio,etc.)
(2)Generalbackgroundknowledgeoftheworld
(3)Intellectualfactors(more)
(4)Physicalandeducationalfactors(more)
(5)Psychologicalfactors(more)
Intellectualfactors
(1)includeslisteners'knowledgeofthetargetlanguageinitsvariousaspects:phonology,lexicon,syntax,andcohesion.
(2)includeslisteners'powersofanalysisandselection:abilitytodistinguishbetweenmainandsupportingpoints
(3)includeslisteners'knowledgeofthespecifictopicorobject
(4)includeslisteners'memory
Physicalandeducationalfactors
includeslisteners'ageorsex,homebackground,sizeoffamily,educationalbackground,typeofschool,physicalhealthandalertness
Psychologicalfactors
includeslisteners'motivationandsenseofpurposewhilelistening,listenersattitudetowardthemessage,levelofinterestandlistener'spowersofattentionandconcentration.
Factorsofspeakers
(1)Languageabilityofthespeaker:nativespeaker,beginnerlevel,nun-nativespeaker.
(2)Speaker'sproduction:pronunciation,accent,variation,voice,etc.
(3)Speedofdelivery.
(4)Prestigeandpersonalityofthespeaker.
Factorsconcerningmaterialandmedium
(1)Thelanguageusedtoconveythemessage:phonologicalfeatures,includingstress,intonation,weakform,lexicon,syntax,cohesion,etc.
(2)Difficultyofcontentandconcepts,especiallyifthematerialisabstract.
(3)Acousticenvironment:noiseandinterference.
(4)Amountofsupportprovidedbygestures,visual,etc.(Boyle1984)
Listeningcomprehensionobstacles
Linguisticfactors



Non-linguisticfactors



Reasonsforstudents’poorlisteningability
’sfactor
’sfactor
3Environmentfactor