语言学第一章课件.ppt

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TheGoalsforthisCourse
;
;
,especiallyinthefieldsoflanguageteaching&learning(SLAorTEFL),cross-culturalcommunication……;

TheRequirementsforthiscourse
Classattendance
Classroomperformances
Fulfillmentoftheassignment(memoryofbasicconceptsisrequired)
Examination
ReferenceBooks

《语言学》,牛津语言学入门丛书,上海外语教育出版社,2000
Linguistics:AnAdvancedCourseBook
《语言学高级教程》胡壮麟,姜望琪主编,北京大学出版社
TheCambridgeEncyclopediaofLanguage(SecondEdition),DavidCrystal《剑桥语言百科全书》
StudyMethods
1CombinationofMacroscopicandMicroscopicPerspective宏观与微观相结合
,TheoryandPractice理解与记忆相结合;理论与实践相结合


LectureIIntroductiontotheCourse
Linguistics&Englishlinguistics
.
EnglishlinguisticsisascientificstudyofEnglishlanguage.

?
Atoolforcommunication
Anintegralpartofourlifeandhumanity
Ifwearenotfullyawareofthenatureandmechanismofourlanguage,wewillbeignorantofwhatconstitutesouressentialhumanity.
?

whatapersonsays(concreteactofspeech)
Human:
Afeatherlessbiped
(two-footed)animalPlato
DefinitionofHuman
Sapir(1921):Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicatingideas,emotions,anddesiresbymeansofvoluntarilyproducedsymbols.
Hall(1968,EssayonLanguage):Languageistheinstitutionwherebyhumanscommunicateandinteractwitheachbymeansofhabituallyusedoral-auditorysymbols.
Trager(1942:OutlineofLinguisticAnalysis):Alanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsbymeansofwhichasocialgroupco-operates.
DefinitionofLanguage
DefinitionofLanguage
Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
Asystem----.
.(×)bkli(×)
Arbitrary----thereisnointrinsic(logic)connectionbetweenalinguisticformanditsmeaning.
Symbols----wordsarejustthesymbolsassociatedwithobjects,actions,andideasbyconvention.