英语长难句结构分析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句).docx

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(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
英语长难句结构解析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷长难句)
英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种,其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式变换而来。五种基本句式以下:
1主语+谓语(不及物动词)
2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
主语+系动词+表语
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
其他还有特别句式如therebe-,重申句,倒装句等。
但是在真实的语言环境中,句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、
复杂介词短语,还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高
考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句,影响考生对语篇
文段的理解。其他,新高考将包括两个写作题:读后续写(大纲写作)和应用文写
作。在评分标准中把“全力使用较复杂语法结构”视为可否得高分的标准之一。
因此,学会解析长难句显得格外重要。
一个句子之因此成为长难句,就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂,详尽说就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定语和状语)以及各种从句等。下面分类解析:
一、复杂主语
包括以下状况:含有连词如and,both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also),aswellas;非谓语动词做主语;主语从句充当主语;同位语结构做主语等。如:
Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.(2019”高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)(aswellas连接thosewho...与thoseleastliked...做主语)
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(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknowthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagony(悲伤)ofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.(动词不定式todo结构做主语)
Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.(2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(-ing形式做主语)
Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.(2018全国Ⅱ卷
阅读理解D)(-ing形式做主语)
Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes(Ⅰ卷阅读理解B)(主语从句充当主语)
Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusiness...(2016全国甲卷阅读理解D)(同位语结构做主语)
二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分开
,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,isleavingLondonforParis.
SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016
全国丙卷语法填空)
FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D)
Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion(比率)whosaythey‘never’or‘hardlyever’rehasdforgonefunfrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.(2018”全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)
Thewomansittingatthedesk,seeingmymadness,sympatheticallyjumpedup.(2016全国甲卷完形填空)
三、复杂表语
包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。
(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
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One(reason)wasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)(表语从句中还含有一个同位语从句)
Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers(2018.
全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)(表语从句中还含有while并列句)
四、复杂宾语
包括非谓语动词、(并列)宾语从句(介词后和动词后)等。
--sharing,kindness,openness--carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.(2019全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)(宾语从句中含有定语从句)
Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D)(宾语从句中含有-ing形式和定语从句)
Inordertopasstheclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperon
howweplantoapply②whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,eventually,toourlives.(2018全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)(①是介词on所带的宾语从句,②是动词apply所带的宾语从句)
Axaniwroteinhispost①thatheisnotlookingforanythinginreturnand
thatthewomanwhousestheextraticketcanchoosetoeithertravelwithhimortaketheticketandtravelonherown.(2017全国Ⅲ卷完形填空)(wrote带有2个由
that引导的宾语从句,第②个宾语从句含有who引导的定语从句)
五、复杂定语
包括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、(多个)定语从句等。
It’ansamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.(2017全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A)(省略了that/which的定语从句)
(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
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TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.
(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C)(who引导定语从句)
ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空)(when引导的定语从句中含有-ed形式和-ing形式做定语)
ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks(Ⅱ阅读A)(where引导定语从句)
Readersalsotendedtosharearticles①thatwereexcitingorfunny,or②thatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticles③thatleftthemmerelysad(.2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D)(含有三个that引导的定语从句)
Also,itisnotuncommonanymoretofindcarpenters(木匠)withcollegedegreesandcarpenterswithasolidknowledgeofmathematics,whichwouldenablethemtodealwithmoredifficulthousedesigns.(含有两个with介词短语做定语和which引导的定语从句)
Now,usingteethandbonepiecestakenfromthebaby’sgrave,scientistshavecomparedtheDNAfromtheUnknownChildwiththosecollectedfrommembersoffivefamilieswholostrelativesontheTitanicandneverrecoveredthebodies(.含有两个-ed形式做定语和who引导的定语从句)
六、复杂同位语(同位语从句)
Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填
)
ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(that
引导同位语从句,同位语从句内部含有although引导的状语从句)
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Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback---hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(that引导同位语从句,同位语从句内部含有
if引导的状语从句)
七、复杂状语
包括介词短语、非谓语动词、(多个)状语从句等。
Withthecollegeentranceexaminationaroundthecorner,allthestudentsareoccupiedwiththeirrevision.(with介词短语做状语)
BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL(英式手语),DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretation
ofShakespeare’scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience(Ⅱ卷阅读理解A)(两个by
介词短语做状语)
Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakean
excellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat(2018全“国ice卷Ⅱcream”.
阅读B)(-ed形式做状语)
TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.
(2017全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D)(动词不定式todo做状语)
DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepened②whenIlearnedthatBrown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewly
openedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where——luckilyforme——Iwas
planningtohavedinnerthatverynight.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B)(as和when引导状语从句)
Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.(2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B)(when引导状语从句中,含有-ing形式做状语)
Giventhatmanypeople'smoods(情绪)areregulatedbythechemicalactionofchocolate,itwasprobablyonlyamatteroftimebeforesomebodymadethechocolate
(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
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consider④
Therefore,①
shopsimilartoadrugstoreofChinesemedicine.(2013全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C)
(-ed形式做状语,before引导状语从句)
Inasecondstudypresentedatthemeeting,scientistsfromtheUKandDenmark
showedthatevenafewdaysofhightemperaturescanseverelyreduceproductionofcrops,suchaswheat,soyabeans,riceandgroundnuts(花生),ifitoccurswhenthe
plantsareflowering.(福建卷)(if和when引导状语从句)
Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.(2011广东卷B)(两个if引导并列状语从句)
八、多个从句且从句套从句
Helikes①thathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeper
withwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasis③ifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).((2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)(①是宾语从句,②是定语从句,③是状语从句)
Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyaware①thatinthatboxyou’ve
gotsomething②thatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody(’
卷阅读理解C)(①是宾语从句,②是定语从句)
whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenly
stops,②whatmaybeimplied(表示)is③thatthepersonwantsthelistenerto
whathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解
(①是状语从句,②是主语从句,③是表语从句,④是宾语从句)
Ifsomeoneknocksanditsnotan’importantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknow②you’rebusysotheycangetthehint(表示)③that④whenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed(Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)(①是状语从句,②
是宾语从句,③是同位语从句,④是状语语从句)
Butyoucan’betsuccessful①whentheres’alackoftrustinarelationship
thatresultsfromanaction③wherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读七选五)(①是状语从句,②是定语从句,③
是定语从句)
Cursingmymisfortune,Iwaswondering①whereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagers②whohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto
whoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse(
(完好word)英语长难句结构解析(含高考全国13卷试题长难句)
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东卷)(①是宾语从句,②是定语从句,③是宾语从句)
Studiesshow①thatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchange,②whichistheleadingfeatureofthekindofhighspeed,highpressure,high-techworld③wenowlivein.(①是宾语从句,②是定语从句,③是定语从句)
Itisimportant①becauseitshows②thatregularphysicalexerciseenablesustomakebetteruseoftheoxygen③webreatheinand④thatthistraining,infact,reducestheamountofwork⑤ourheartsdo.(辽宁卷)(①是状语从句,②是宾语
从句,③是定语从句,④是并列宾语从句,⑤是定语从句)
九、复杂并列句(包括从句)
Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)
Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,butIoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’accidents.(2016全国丙卷完形填
)
Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces——andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood..(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B)
Whentheweatherisfairandsettled,theyareclothedinblueandpurple,andprinttheirbeautifulshapesonthecleareveningsky,butsometimeswhenitiscloudless,graysteamgathersaroundthetopofthemountainswhich,inthelastraysofthesettingsun,willshineandlightuplikeacrownofglory.(2004全国卷)
十、多个非谓语动词
Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,①hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,②travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.(2016全国甲卷阅读理解C)
Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,①lostandlonelyinastrangecity,②thinkingoftheterribletroublesof③gettingallthepaperwork④organizedagainfromadistantcountrywhile⑤trying⑥tosettledowninanew
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one.(2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解A)
2019年全国卷中出现的倒装句
,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)(notonly开头的倒装句)
-.(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)(so开头的倒装句)
,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.(2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)(only开头的倒装句)
Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."
(2019高考