editor’s introduction 2022 ginetta e. b. candelario.pdf

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Editor’sIntroductionDownloadedfrom-pdf/21/1/1/1610213/
............
“wethescapegoatinalandbuilt

thetruthoffoundingfathers’sacredoath:
weholdthesetruthslikedarksnuffinourjaw,
Blackoppression’snothappenstance;it’slaw.”
—,“AllY’allReallyfromAlabama”
“Blackwomenhavebeenwriting,joking,and‘metoo’ingthemselvesinto
existence.”
—ConstanceBailey,“SignifyingSistas:BlackWomen’sHumorandInter-
sectionalPoetics”
............
AsascholarofAfro-Latinidades,itisaparticularpleasureformetooffer
Meridiansreadersthisissuedevotedto“BlackFeminismsintheCaribbean
andtheUnitedStates:Representation,Rebellion,Radicalism,andReck-
oning.”ThiscuratedconversationaboutBlackfeministliberationstrate-
gies,whichvaryandmoveacrosstimeandplace,isaptlyillustratedwith
coverartbyHaitianartistMafaldaNicolasMondestin,Annfèontipale(The
Meeting).AnnfèontipaleisaHaitianKreyolexpressionthatmeans“let’schat
aboutit”or“weshouldchat”(.,August29,2021),and,apropos
ofthatinvitation,weopentheconversationwith“Vodou,theArts,and
(Re)PresentingtheDivine:AConversationwithEdwidgeDanticat,”an
especiallytimelyandinsightfulinterviewthatKyrahMalikaDanielscon-
,aglobalCOVID-19pan-
demicemergedjustafterthisinterviewtookplaceanddramatically
meridiansfeminism,race,transnationalism21:1April2022
doi:-9554035©2022SmithCollege
2meridians21:1April2022
changedthecourseofallourlives,butithasbeenmostunforgivingin
,theUnitedStates
andEuropehavethehighestqualityandmostresourcedhealth-caresys-
temsintheworld,butthere,asthroughoutsociety,institutionalracism
producesdevastatinganddeadlyoutcomesforBlack,Indigenous,People
ofColor(BIPOC)
thedevelopmentofseveraleffectivevaccines,aCOVID-19mutationinto
the“Deltavariant”emergedinJuneof2021,andinJanuary2022theDownloadedfrom-pdf/21/1/1/1610213/
“Omicron”variantalsoemerged,testingtheeffectivenessofthevaccines
andclaimingnewdemographicsasvictims,includingchildrenwhowere
,2morethan
80millionpeoplehavecontractedCOVID-19and977,000peoplehavedied
intheUnitedStates(Worldometer2021),withBIPOCfolksdisproportion-
atelyrepresentedinbothcounts.
Tomakemattersworse,USmainstreammediaandRepublicanParty–

BIPOCfolksforCOVID-19surgesduetotheirsupposedlylowervaccination
rates,despiterecentpollsindicatingthatBIPOCvaccinationratesare
higherthanWhites,evenwiththegreaterstructuralbarrierstheyfaceand
despitetheirhistoricallygrounded,sociologicallysounddistrustofthe
health-caresystem(Starr2021).Indeed,itisright-wingmediathatcontin-
uestopromoteanti-vaccinationpropagandatoitslargelyWhiteaudience,
includingbizarreclaimsthatIvermectin,aveterinarydewormingtreat-
ment,ispreferabletothenowfullyFDAapprovedvaccinesasapreventative
measureand/ortreatment(USDA2021).Similarideologicallydrivenpat-
ternsappearglobally,inwhichright-wingandnationalistleadersand
otherelementsacrosstheworldblamevulnerablepopulationsforthe
virus’sspreadandpromotedangerouslyineffectivealternativetreatments.
InHaiti,iftheseuniversalpandemic-relatedchallengesweren’tdiffi-
cultenough,thesummerof2021alsobroughttheassassinationofPresi-
dentJovenelMoïseonJuly7,anotherdevastatingearthquakeonAugust14
thattooktwothousandlives,andthebrutaltropicalstormGraceon
,EdwidgeDanticat’sreflectionson
theperennialassaultsonsovereignty,peace,andwell-beingthatHaitiand
Haitianshavesufferedandovercomethankstotheirspiritualtraditions
andpracticesarecriticalcounterstopersistentanti-Haitianattitudesand

Interview—conversation,really,asDaniels’sinsightfulcomments
positionhermoreasinterlocutorthaninterviewer—offersarichand
Editor’sIntroduction3
revealingwindowintoDanticat’sthinkingaboutandconnectionto
Haitianspiritualtraditionsandpracticesandtheirrelationshiptothe
naturalworld;ruminationsaboutvariousfaiths’ritualsofdeath,dying,
andhonoringancestors;andpoignantcommentsonherownexperiences
oflosingandkeepingaconnectiontolovedonesthroughdreamsand
,
“We’renotjustrectifyingoldnarratives,we’rewritingourownnarratives,
fullywithinourselves.”Downloadedfrom-pdf/21/1/1/1610213/
InherEssay“BeyondTragedy:BlackGirlhoodinMarlonJames’sBookof
NightWomenandEvelyneTrouillot’sRosaliel’infâme,”AnnetteJoseph-Gabriel
exemplifiesDanticat’sperspectivewithheranalysisoftwonovelsabout
enslavedBlackgirls’
“resistivetragedies,”Joseph-Gabrielargues,narratethechippingawayat
slavesocieties’socialordersbecause,“eveniftheydonotovercomethe
forcesofslavery,”thegirls“exceedthelimitationsthatslaveryplacesontheir
bodies,theirimaginations,andtheirfutures.”Thesenovelsalsoexemplify
the“spiralism”characteristicofHaitianandotherCaribbeannarratives.
Unlikelinear(readEurocentric/White)notionsoftimeandtragedy,spiral
theoriesofhistoricalandsocialchangeholdthatstasis,andprogressive
andregressiveshifts,can—andoftendo—occursimultaneously,allowing
for“acontinuous,dynamicengagementbetweenpastandpresent.”
Next,
survivancebeginningwithNiaMcAllister’spoem,“ConsortoftheSpirits,
afterNtozakeShange.”AlthoughthetermsurvivanceemergesfromNative
AmericanIndianstudiesintheUnitedStatesratherthanfromBlackstud-
ies,iteffectivelycapturestheaffectandvisionofthisrichlyevocativepoem.
“Survivanceisanactivesenseofpresence,thecontinuanceofnativesto-
ries,notamerereaction,
renunciationsofdominance,tragedy,andvictimry”(Vizenor1999:vii).
McAllisterbuildsonNtozakeShange’sevocativeassertionthat“awoman
withamoonfallingfromhermouth,rosesbetweenherlegsandtiarasof
Spanishmoss,thiswomanisaconsortofthespirits,”tonarratesurvivance
asmorethanmeresurvival,asherrepeatedrefrain“Theycallthis
survival”—followedbyrefutationstothathegemonicframing—illustrates.
Similarlyeschewinghegemonicconventionsandnotionsofsurvival,
KenlyBrown,LashonDaley,andDerrikaHunt’scollectivelywritten,
transdisciplinary,andmulti-methodologicalCounterpointessay,“Dis-
ruptiveRuptures:TheNecessityofBlack/GirlhoodImaginary,”coinsthe
4meridians21:1April2022
term“‘BlackforwardslashGirlhood’tosignalbothanabstractconfigura-
tionandalivedembodiedexperienceofBlackgirlnessthatisindialogue
withglobalimaginings.”Throughthreedifferentcasestudies,Brown,
Daley,andHuntcenterbothfictionalandrealBlackgirls’narrativesand
-
tionalJudyWinslow’s(and/oractressJaimeeFoxworth’s)unacknowledged
disappearancefromFamilyMatters,valorizingthepoetryofademonized
BlackgirlenrolledinaCaliforniacontinuationschoolwhoasserts“theonlyDownloadedfrom-pdf/21/1/1/1610213/
demoninmeisthiscrookedsociety,”andthetestimonyofasixteen-year-
oldgirlworkinginaJamaicanresort,thisBlackfeministcollectivetext
showcases“thekaleidoscopicmosaicsofBlackgirls’knowings...across
time,space,andgeographicboundaries.”
WefollowthiswithanIntheArchivesfeaturethatdepartsfromour
usualarchivaldocumentandresearchnote.“Carlota’sHum:AnArchive
Fiction”byinterdisciplinarypoetandscholarAlanaPérezis,astheauthor
explainsinherintroduction,anattempt“toretell”thedocumentedtrue
storyofCarlotalucumíoftheTriunviratosugarmillintheprovinceof
Matanzas,Cuba,whoorganizeda“travelingrebellionthatfreedoverthree
hundredenslavedpeopleӎrezoffersourreadersaretellingof
thisstorythatcentersthe“queerrelationship”betweenCarlotaand
Fermina,anotherenslavedwomanwithwhomCarlotawasevidentlyin
lovewith,whilealso“referencingYorubaandCubanSanteriapractices”

contributionstotransnationalBlackfeminismisalsotakenupbyLaura
LomasinherEssay“Afro-LatinaDisidentificationandBridging:Lourdes
Casal’sCriticalRaceTheory.”Lomas’stitlealsoreferencestherecenttar-
getingofcriticalracetheorybyright-wingideologuesintheUnitedStates
whohavelaunchedadisinformationcampaigntopreventtheteaching
aboutthelonghistoryandongoingsocialfactofracistinterpersonaland
structuralviolenceathomeandabroad.
LomasrecountsCasal’spersonalandpoliticalbiography,oneinwhich
Casalelaborateda“radicalized”Cuban(im)migrantcommitmenttoglobal

herexperiencesasanAfro-Asian,tacitlylesbian,Hispanic-Black-identified
feministwhomovedacrossandthroughworldsandgeographiesrecover-
ingandrecountingthecentralroleofBlackness,anti-Blackness,and
BlacksinCubanhistory,society,culture,,through
Casal’scase,Lomasoffersanimportantcontributiontoourunderstanding
Editor’sIntroduction5
ofhowBlackwomenfromthe“Hispanic”Caribbeanplayedactiverolesin
thedevelopmentoftransnationalBlackfeminisms;pushedWhitefeminist
projectstoaddressimperialism,capitalism,andracism;andheldtheirown
-recognizedstoryoffersauseful
contemporaryremindertobeawareoftheideologicalframingsembedded
-Julyprotests
againstfoodandmedicineshortagesthatbrokeoutinHavana.
Whileitappearsthatthe“leadersofthisnewmovementare‘across-Downloadedfrom-pdf/21/1/1/1610213/
sectionofCubaandtheyareyounger,darker,andfemale’”(Ellis2021)and
thatthegenesisandoutcomeofthesedramaticpublicchallengestothe
Cubanrevolutionaryregimeremaintobeseen,whatisalreadyclearisthat,
aswithHaiti,
abouttheislandandunhesitatinglyechoedtheanti-revolutionarysenti-
mentsofMiami’sconservativeCubanexiles.“Propelledbythe‘#SOSCuba’
hashtag,theNewYorkTimesandotherusualsuspectsrushedtoreport,
aghast,onaCubansecuritycrackdowninresponsetotheprotests,char-
acterisedbythejailingofdissidentsandallegedhumanrightsviolations,”
notedBelénFernández(2021),JacobinMagazinecontributingeditor.
“Whilesuchcritiquesarenotinandofthemselvesinvalid,theywould
surelyholdmoremoraltractionweretheynotissuedbythemediamouth-
piecesofacountrythathaslongoperatedanillegalprison-cum-torture
centreonCubansoil”(Fernández2021).Tracingasimilarlycomplex
tangleofnationalhistoryandfamilygenealogies,ElizabethPérez’spoem
“Remittances”conveysthepainfulinabilityofthoseboundbyblood
ties—“relativeswithwhomtheyshareintimateracializedandgendered
histories”—toovercomethelegacyandongoingdenialofCuban
anti-Blackness,andinsteadfindthemselves“debatingtherelevanceof
revenants”inpost-SovietrevolutionaryCuba.
Bycontrast,in“LaReinadeFusión:XiomaraFortunaComingofAge
intheDominicanRepublic,”RachelAfiQuinnhelpfullycontextualizes
Fortuna’sTestimonioabouttheevolutionofherleftistBlackfeministrace
consciousness;herexperiencesofBlacknessandanti-Blacknessinthe
DominicanRepublicandabroad;andhowshemadethesemanifestinher
,whogrewupinMonteCristi,Dominican
Republic,asthedarkestchildinalargelight-skinned,middle-classfamily,
hadestablishedherselfearlyonasa“willfulgirl”insistentongettingthe
besteducationshecouldandonaccessingeveryopportunityavailableto
her—butthesewerecircumscribedinacountrythat,despitebeingthe
6meridians21:1April2022
“cradleofBlacknessintheAmericas’’(Torres-Saillant1999:55),continues
topromotenegrophobicideologies,policies,andpractices(Candelario
2007,2016).Nonetheles