〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案.doc

该【〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案 】是由【xvxv998】上传分享，文档一共【12】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
1/161/16
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语(一)试题
SectionI  UseofEnglish
Directions:
(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET. (10points)
①Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.②Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.
①Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.②Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.
①While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.②AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.”
①Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.②Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.③10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.④Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalkinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!
①Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.
①Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.②ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.③Theteamalsocontrolledthedatatocheckancestryofsubjects.
[A]what [B]why [C]how [D]when
[A]defended [B]concluded [C]withdrawn [D]advised
[A]for [B]with [C]by [D]on
[A]separated [B]sought [C]compared [D]connected
[A]tests [B]objects [C]samples [D]examples
[A]insignificant [B]unexpected [C]unreliable [D]incredible
[A]visit [B]miss [C]know [D]seek
[A]surpass [B]influence [C]favor [D]resemble
[A]again [B]also [C]instead [D]thus
[A]Meanwhile [B]Furthermore [C]Likewise [D]Perhaps
[A]about [B]to [C]from [D]like
[A]limit [B]observe [C]confuse [D]drive
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
3/163/16
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
[A]accordingto [B]ratherthan [C]regardlessof [D]alongwith
[A]chances [B]responses [C]benefits [D]missions
[A]faster [B]slower [C]later [D]earlier
[A]forecast [B]remember [C]express [D]understand
[A]unpredictable [B]contributory [C]controllable [D]disruptive
[A]tendency [B]decision [C]arrangement [D]endeavor
[A]political [B]religious [C]ethnic [D]economic
[A]see [B]show [C]prove [D]tell
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:,B,.(40points)
Text1
①KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”②ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?④DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?
①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
①Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.②Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).③ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
①Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.②Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.③AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
①Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.②Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).③Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
①ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
3/163/16
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.④CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.
,KingJuanCarlosofSpain_______.
[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport
[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals
[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment
.
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto
[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.
[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.
[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.
[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.
“havemosttofear”becauseCharles_______.
[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues
[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised
[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies
[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole
?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone
[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
Text2
①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
①Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
①ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.
①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect’spurse.
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
4/164/16
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
①Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.③CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.
①Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.②Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.④Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.
①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.③OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.
,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto_______.
[A]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents
[B]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant
[C]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized
[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones
’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof_______.
[A]disapproval
[B]indifference
[C]tolerance
[D]cautiousness
’sphonecontentsiscomparableto_______.
[A]gettingintoone’sresidence
[B]handlingone’shistoricalrecords
[C]scanningone’scorrespondences
[D]goingthroughone’swallet
,theauthorshowshisconcernthat_______.
[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed
[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction
[C]citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected
[D]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation
’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat_______.
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
5/165/16
〖精选文档〗2015年考研英语一真题及答案
[A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly
[B]newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution
[C]California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution
[D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered
Text3
①ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.②Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.
①“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.②WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).③Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.④TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.
①Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”
①GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,isamemberoftheSBoREgroup.②Hesaysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”③Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.④ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”
①JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis“amostwelcomestepforward”and“longoverdue.”②“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.③Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,”hesays.④ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.
①Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavi