从经典博弈论到量子博弈论.pdf.pdf

华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
从经典博弈论到量子博弈论
姓名:刘正钊
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:科学技术哲学
指导教师:万小龙
20060429
摘要
博弈论是一门研究理性人策略选择的学科,在经济学,社会学等领域有着广泛的
应用,被誉为“社会科学的数学”。近年来随着量子理论研究的发展,出现了博弈论与
量子物理的新兴交叉学科——量子博弈论。本文首先介绍经典博弈论,并由此引入量
子化的博弈模型,结合近年来国内外对量子博弈研究的最新成果对量子博弈作了较全
面的介绍。通过比较的方法体现出量子博弈的优越性,进而对量子博弈在哲学上所带
来的新问题进行探讨。全文分为引言,四个篇章和结束语六个部分。
引言部分中对博弈论的研究对象,内容,目的和方法作了介绍,说明了量子博弈
论研究的基本依据和所带来的进步。
第一章全面介绍了经典博弈论的相关概念,简要回顾了博弈论的发展历史,对博
弈的种类进行了划分,介绍了博弈论中的纳什均衡和囚徒困境等重要概念和问题。
第二章介绍了量子信息论,量子纠缠等量子博弈论所需的背景知识,介绍了量子
博弈论的由来。
第三章对量子博弈作了详细的介绍,讨论了 PQ 翻硬币模型中量子博弈所带来的
优越性。之后对经典的囚徒困境作了量子化模型的分析。本章的最后部分简要总结了
量子博弈论的研究意义。说明量子博弈论并非仅仅是经典博弈论的量子形式描述,而
是一种全新的博弈形式。
第四章讨论博弈问题的哲学意义,结合囚徒困境从理性与道德,合作与进化方面
对博弈论的哲学意义作了分析,之后对量子博弈论做出了哲学反思。
结束语对于全文作了简要回顾,指出量子博弈论目前的研究仍在起步阶段,对其
面临的问题和今后的发展趋势作了简要的陈述。

关键词:博弈量子博弈纠缠信息
I
Abstract
Game theory is a subject studies on the rational strategy movement, it is widely used in
economics, sociology and many other areas, regarded as "the mathematics of social science".
In recent years, for the development of quantum physics, a new intercross area of game
theory and quantum physics had born, that is quantum game theory. This thesis will give a
presentation of game theory and quantum game theory, and incarnate the advantages of
quantum game pare them in some classical game model. Moreover, a discussion of
philosophy meaning in game theory and quantum game theory will be given in the last part.
In preface part, there will be a presentation of the aims, main ideas, objects and research
approaches of game theory, explain how would quantum game theory came into been and
the possible progress made by it.
In chapter one, it will be a brief look back into the history of game theory, define the
types of different games in several point of view, introduce Nash Equilibrium and Prisoner
Dilemma, which are quite important in game theory.
In chapter two, there will be an introduction of quantum information theory and
quantum entanglement, which is background k