Seagrass Thermal Limits and Vulnerability to Future Warming 2022 Núria Marbà.pdf


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该【Seagrass Thermal Limits and Vulnerability to Future Warming 2022 Núria Marbà 】是由【彩屏】上传分享,文档一共【10】页,该文档可以免费在线阅读,需要了解更多关于【Seagrass Thermal Limits and Vulnerability to Future Warming 2022 Núria Marbà 】的内容,可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能,选择自己适合的文档,以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字,如需要获得完整电子版,请下载此文档到您的设备,方便您编辑和打印。ORIGINALRESEARCH
published:27May2022
doi:.860826
SeagrassThermalLimitsand
VulnerabilitytoFutureWarming
Nu´riaMarbà1*,GabrielJordà2,ScottBennett1,
1GlobalChangeResearchGroup,InstitutMediterranid’EstudisAvanc¸ats(IMEDEA),ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigaciones
Cient´ıficas(CSIC)-UniversitatdelesIllesBalears(UIB),Esporles,Spain,2CentreOceanogràficdelesBalears,Instituto
EspañoldeOceanograf´ıa(IEO-CSIC),PalmadeMallorca,Spain,3InstituteforMarineandAntarcticStudies(IMAS),
UniversityofTasmania(UTAS),Hobart,Tas,Australia,4RedSeaResarchCenter(RSRC)andComputationalBioScience
ResearchCenter(CBRC),KingAbdullahUniversityofScienceandTechnology(KAUST),Thuwal,SaudiArabia
Seagrasseshaveexperiencedmajorlossesgloballymostlyattributedtohumanimpacts.

seagrassmortalitythermalthresholdspreventstheassessmentoftheriskofseagrass
-or
experimentally-determinedseagrassupperthermallimits(Tlimit)andtestedthehypothesis

±°Cper°Cincreaseininsituannualtemperature(R2=).Bycombining
Editedby:modelledseagrassTlimitacrossglobalcoastalareaswithcurrentandprojectedthermal
,regimesderivedfromanoceanreanalysisandglobalclimatemodels(GCMs),we
AlfredWegenerInstituteHelmholtz
CentreforPolarandMarineResearchassessedtheproximityofextantseagrassmeadowstotheirTlimitandthetimerequired
(AWI),GermanyforTlimittobemetunderhigh()andmoderate()emissionscenariosof
Reviewedby:°C
GaryAndrewKendrick,°Catthe
UniversityofWesternAustralia,maxlimit
AustraliasouthernRedSea,theArabianGulf,theGulfofMexico,revealingthesearetheareasmost
LillianAoki,inriskofwarming-derivedseagrassdie-off,andupto24°Cathighlatituderegions.
CornellUniversity,UnitedStates
SeagrassescouldmeettheirTregularlyinsummerwithin50-60yearsor100years
*Correspondence:limit
Nu´riaMarbàunder,respectively,,tomorethan
******@-
thegoalsundertheParisAgreementwouldsafeguardmuchofglobalseagrassfromheat-
Specialtysection:

Thisarticlewassubmittedtoderivedmassmortalityandidentiesregionswhereactionstoremovelocalanthropogenic
GlobalChangeandtheFutureOcean,stresseswouldbeparticularlyrelevanttomeettheTarget10oftheAichiTargetsofthe
asectionofthejournalConventionoftheBiologicalDiversity.
FrontiersinMarineScience
Received:23January2022Keywords:temperature,heatwaves,climatechange,seagrass,thresholds,mortality,growth
Accepted:27April2022
Published:27May2022
Citation:INTRODUCTION
MarbàN,JordàG,BennettS
andDuarteCM(2022)
Seagrassrankamongthemostthreatenedhabitatsinthebiosphere,withabout19%to29%ofthe
SeagrassThermalLimitsand’
(Waycottetal.,2009,Dunicetal.,2021).Thebulkoflosses
:’s(Tutin
doi:.8608261942)andeutrophication-drivenlosses(Orthetal.,2006).However,therearegrowingreportsof
FrontiersinMarineScience||Volume9|Article860826
Marbà
seagrassmortalityassociatedwithmarineheatwaves,includingKnowledgewiththekeywordscombinationsseagrassAND
mortalityofPosidoniaoceanicaintheWesternMediterranean(temperatureORwarming)andseagrassAND(“thermallimit”
followingthe2003heatwave(Dıaz-Almeláetal.,2009;MarbàandOR“thermalthreshold”OR“criticaltemperature”OR“thermal
Duarte,2010),massmortalityofAmphibolisantarcticainSharkniche”)andbyscreeningthereferencelistofrelevantpapers
Bayfollowinganunprecedentedmarineheatwavein2010/
(Thomsonetal.,2015),andwarminghasbeenimplicatedinpopulationsgrowingsubmersedwithintheirnative

inFloridaBay(Carlsonetal.,2018)andZosteramarinaandmeadowsbecauseavailableevidencesuggeststheyhavehigher
RuppiamaritimainChesapeakeBay(MooreandJarvis,2008;thermaltolerancethansubmersedonesinordertocopewith
Mooreetal.,2014).atmospherictemperatures(.,2009).Tlimitwere
Knowledgeonwarminginducedmortalityonseagrassesisderivedfromempiricalobservationsofseagrassdie-offevents
laggingbehindthatforothermarineorganisms(,attributedtoheatwaves,incombinationwithothersimultaneous
Hughesetal.,2018;Loughetal.,2018),inpartbecausereportsstressors(hypersalinity,Carlsonetal.,2018;lowlightavailability,
ofseagrassmass-,MooreandJarvis,2008;Mooreetal.,2014),ormesocosm
thereisevidencethattheseimpactsarepropagatingacrosstheexperiments(Table1).Seagrassesinmesocosmexperiments
oceanandthatmarineheatwaveswillbecomemoreprevalentwereexposedtoatleast2temperaturetreatmentsabove
andintense(Frölicheretal.,2018;Oliveretal.,2018).Afirststep,averageinsitusummertemperaturethatextendedthe

heatwaves,istodeterminethethermalthresholdsforseagrassexposedtoexperimentaltemperaturesfor6to120days
-buildingcorals,dependingonthestudy(seeDataset,Marbàetal2022).The

whosedistributionisrestrictedtothesubtropicsandtropicsTlimitwasdenedas:a)theuppertemperatureatwhichshoot
and,therefore,experiencerelativelynarrowclimaticconditionssurvival,shootgrowthorbiomassaboveoptimaltemperature
andcomparativelyuniformthermalniches(Spaldingetal.,startedtodeclineinexperimentalstudies;orb)theseawater
2001),seagrassesoccurfrompolarregions(inthenortherntemperatureduringtheheatwavethattriggereddie-offevents.
hemisphere)totheEquator,therebyexperiencingbroadWeassumethatthethermallimitforgrowthisclosetothe
thermalregimes(.,2007;Olesenetal.,2015).Fortemperaturethatinducesmortality.
shallowmarinespecies,bothupperandlowerthermallimitsForeachstudy,thecompileddataset(Marbàetal2022)
generallydecreasewithlatitudetowardthepolesandwithincludesthespeciesname,locationandcoordinatesofthe
decreasingseawatertemperature(Stuart-Smithetal.,2017).populationstudied,theTlimit,theapproach(
Thispatternhasbeenobservedtobeconsistentwithrespecttoorempirical),theyearthestudywasconductedandthedata
bothfundamentalthermallimits(,thedatasetalsoincludesthe
experiments;Sundayetal.,2011),
(;Stuart-Smithetal.,2017),populationstudied,weobtainedmeanannualseawater
acrossarangeofanimaltaxaincludingfishes,benthicandtemperaturevaluesforthe5yearsbeforethethermaltolerance
pelagicinvertebrates(Sundayetal.,2011;Stuart-Smithetal.,experimentorobservationwasconducted(Marbàetal2022)
2017).Todate,however,large-scalegeographicpatternsinthefromtheORAS4oceanreanalysis(Balmasedaetal.,2013),which

Herewetestthehypothesisthatseagrassupperthermallimitspresentwithaspatialresolutionof1°inthehorizontaland~10

temperaturepopulationsareexposedto,andassesstheproximityregionalcharacteristics,ratherthanthelocalfeatureswhich
ofextantseagrassmeadowstotheirupperthermallimitsaswellcannotbecapturedbythecoarsespatialresolutionofORAS4.
asthetimerequiredforthesethermallimitstobemetunderWeusedleastsquareregressionanalysistofittherelationship
“businessasusual”andmoderateemissionscenariosofbetweeninsitu5yr-meanannualtemperature(x)andthe
greenhousegasesemissions(,respectively;seagrassTlimit(y)andassessthedeviationfromtheoverall
Collinsetal.,2013).The“businessasusual”emissionscenarioistrendoftemperateandtropicalaffinityseagrassflorasby

dosobycombiningasynthesisofreportedempirically-orempiricalrelationshiptoestimateTlimitforseagrassesglobally
experimentally-determinedthermallimitsforseagrasswithgiveninsitumeanannualthermalregimesatpresentinallthe
currentandfuturethermalregimesderivedfromanoceanlocationspotentiallysuitableforseagrasssurvivalintermsof
reanalysisandglobalclimatemodels(GCMs).lightavailabilityasdefinedbyGattusoetal.(2006).
Wecharacterisedthepresentthermalconditionsofcoastal
areasusingtheORAS4oceanreanalysis(Balmasedaetal.,2013).

MATERIALSANDMETHODSThemeanmaximumsummertemperature(Tmax),denedasthe
temperatureofthewarmestmonthoftheyearatthemodelgrid
Wecompiledtheavailableseagrassupperthermallimits(Tlimit)pointclosertoeachlocation(ingeographicalcoordinatesand
publishedintheliteraturebyconductingasearchusingWebofwaterdepth),hasbeencomputedforalllocationsandaveraged
FrontiersinMarineScience||Volume9|Article860826
Marbà
TABLE1|Seagrassspecies,locationandcoordinatesofthepopulationstudied,metricassessed,approachusedtoestimatetheupperthermallimit(0:experimental,
1:massdie-offobservation)anddatasource.
SpeciesLocationLatitudeLongitudeMetricassessedApproachSource
(degreesN)(degreesE)
AmphibolisantarcticaDongara,Australia-,1995
AmphibolisantarcticaSharkBay,Australia-.,2015
AmphibolisgriffithiiDongara,Australia-,1995
CymodoceanodosaCostaBrava,.,2022
CymodoceanodosaBalearicIslands,.,2022
.,2022
CymodoceaserrulataZanzibar,Tanzania-.,2018
abovegroundbiomass
EnhalusacoroidesZanzibar,Tanzania-.,2018
HalophilastipulaceaAlKahrar,.,2020
PosidoniaoceanicaBalearicIslands,.,2018
PosidoniaoceanicaCostaBrava,.,2022
PosidoniaoceanicaBalearicIslands,.,2022
PosidoniaoceanicaCrete,.,2022
PosidoniaoceanicaMazarrónBay,--Mesegueretal.,
2017
PosidoniaoceanicaBalearicIslands,.,2017
PosidoniaoceanicaBalearicIslands,.,2012
PosidoniaoceanicaMagalluf,-Almeláetal.,2009
PosidoniaoceanicaCabreraNP,àandDuarte,2010
SyringodiumfiliformeRedfishBay,Texas,-,1984
ThalassiahemprichiiZanzibar,Tanzania-.,2018
ThalassiatestudinumFlorida,-.,2007
efficiencies
ThalassiatestudinumFloridaBay,-.,2018
ThalassodendronciliatumZanzibar,Tanzania-.,2018
.,2009
ZosteramarinaKobbeFj,--Carreteroetal.,2018
ZosteramarinaKapisilit,--Carreteroetal.,2018
-Carreteroetal.,2018
ZosteramarinaOdenseFjord,,2008
ZosteramarinaLidaoBay,-.,2012
ZosteramarinaFynIsland,öffeetal.,2011
ZosteramarinaIseBay,.,2008
withering
ZosteramarinaChesapeakeBay,-(densitychange)and0Hammeretal.,2018
growth
ZosteramarinaChesapeakeBay,-

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