亨利希《感性的判断与世界的道德图像》英文版.doc

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Aestheticjudgementandthemoralimageoftheworld
StudiesinKant
DieterHenrich
StanfordUniversityPress,Stanford,California
***@1992bytheBoardofTrusteesoftheLelandStanfordJuniorUniversity
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
CIPdataappearattheendofthebook
Originalprinting1992
Lastfigurebelowindicatesyearofthisprinting:
030201009998979695
StanfordUniversityPresspublicationsaredistributedexclusivelybyStanfordUniversityPresswithintheUnitedStates,Canada,andMexico;theyaredistributedexclusivelybyCambridgeUniversityPressthroughouttherestoftheworld.
Preface
THEJOINTPUBLICATIONofthesefourtextsisoccasionedbytheKantLecturesdeliveredin1990atStanfordUni-hundredthanniversaryofKant'sCritiqueofJudg,IdiscussedtwoofthemostinfluentialtheoriespresentedinthefirstandtheverylastpartofKant'sclassic.
"Kant'sExplanationofAestheticJudgment,"whichconsidersthetheoryinthefirstpartofCritiqueofJudgment,aimstosolveaproblemtowhicheverystudentofKant'saestheticsisexposed,',thatKanthimselfhadonlyalimitedinsightintothedetailsofhisowntheory,andthathisfullyarticulatedtheorycanstillcontributetocontemporarydebatesinaesthetics.
Thelecturetitled"TheMoralImageoftheWorld,"whichconsidersthetheoryinthelastpartofKant'sclassic,
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intothedevelopmentofKant'smoralphilosophy,anditshowsthatthearchitectureofthethirdCritiquedependsuponachangeinKant'snotionofaphilosophicalsystem,whichinturnemergedfromanimportantchangeinthefoundationofhismoralphilosophy,achangethatoccurredinthecourseofhisworkandreflectionsontheGroundworkoftheMetaphysicsofMorals.
Kant'sconceptionofamoralimageoftheworldneverre,fromthedaysofhisencounterwithRousseau'sworkon,remainedconvincedofthetruthofRousseau'stenetthat,withoutamoralimageoftheworld,moralconductitselfmustbecomeunstableandbeunderminedbythesuspicionsofthematerialistandthesophist,whoarebothalwaysalreadyoperativeintheordinaryman'smind.
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,andnoattempthasbeenmadetoeliminatethetracesoftheirorigin.
"TheContextsofAutonomy"wasdeliveredatEmoryUniversity,attheconference"RethinkingHumanRights."IthasbeentranslatedbymyformerstudentatHarvard,,JournaloftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences,Fall1983;theGermanversionhasbeenpublishedasanappendixtomybookEthikzumnuklearenFrieden(EthicsTowardNuclearPeace;.,1990).ItappearsherecourtesyofDaedalus.
Igavethelecture"TheFrenchRevolutionandClassicalGermanPhilosophy"atWeimarinMay1989,atameetingoftheGoetheAssociation,
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abookletentitledEineRepublikDeutschland(OneRepublicofGermany;.,1990).IthasbeentranslatedbyWayneMartinandSvenBernecker,underthedirectionofProfessorHansSluga.
lutionandtheemergenceofpost-Kantianphilosophyasresultingfromtheindispensabilityofamoralimageoftheworldanditsjustificationbyfundamentallynewpoliticalideas.
ToemploythenotionofamoralimageoftheworldtwohundredyearsafterKant,yetwithoutignoringtheinsightsandexperiencesofthiscentury,requires,tobesure,far-,atleastinpart,whatthecontentofsuchanimageinourtimemightconsistin.
ThefourlecturescanbejointlyregardedasanattemptbothtoanalyzeKant'swayofreasoningandtocontinueitbytransformingittoapplytoourownquestions.
IamgratefultothePhilosophyDepartmentofStanfordUniversityforitsinvitationanditshospitality,toProfessorEckartForster,whosuggestedthisvolumeforhisseries,neckerfortheirtranslations,andtoHelenTartarandNancyAtkinson,bothofStanfordUniversityPress,whoeditedmyEnglishtexts.
Munich
DieterHenrich
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Contents
IINTERPRETATIONS
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'sExplanationofAestheticJudgment 29
IIAPPLICATIONS
:SomePresuppositionsof
theComprehensibilityofHumanRights 59
:
TowardaDeterminationofTheirRelation 85
ONE
TheMoralImageoftheWorld
THENOTIONOFan“imageoftheworld”hasmanyphilosophicalimplications,oneofthemclearlyKantian:concep[that],.
Butthesource[=operationsofthemind]fromwhichaworldoriginatesisequallydeciplebywhichwearecapableofaccountingforaworldremainsindependentofwhatit[=theprinciple]gation,however,discoversthat,unlessit[=theprinciple]executestheactivitiesfromwhichaworldoriginates,theprincipleitselfwouldbeincomprehensible[youmeantheprinciplecreatesitsworldsothatitcouldexplainitsproduct].ThiskindofinvestigationisdistinctivetothemethodofKant’sepistemologythathecalls“transcendental”:itcanbeshownthattheunityofself-consciousnesscouldnotevenbeconceivedunlessthatveryunityfunctionsasthepointofdepartureforconstitutingaworldofobjects.
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Withthis,wecanunderstandnotonlytheoriginofthisworldbutalsowhythisworldisnaturalandindispensabletousandwhyourknowledgeclaimsaboutitarejustified.
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,theagentandthemoralprinciplesthatregulatehisconductagainappeartobeindependentofapartictionofa“practical”,aswellastheirintentions,,wecanalsoattributetohimbeliefsabouttheworldwithinwhichheactsandtriestoactualizehisintentions.
entandlinkedtogetherintoasinglenetwork,onecancallthem“amoralimageofaworld.”
Butthenwemightpossesstwo(possiblyevenmore)con,tivisticapproach,arguingthatweneedandentertainvarious
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imagesoftheworldconcerningthesameworldlyaffairs,apparentlydoesnotsuffice,quirements:first,thatitrelatethevariousworldviewsinsomewaythatpreventstheirmultiplicityfromresultinginsheeranarchyorconfusion;second,thatitsurvivebeingexableandimmunetothechargeofarbitrarinessandirrational,,oneisentitledtospeakof“themoralimageoftheworld”inthesingular.
’,asKantsaysinawell-knownpassage,hehadtolimitknowledgeinordertoprovideroomforbelief,sionoftheproblemsarisingfromthenotionofamoralimageoftheworldcouldverywellpaveawayintoallKant’sphilos,becauseIwillfocusonthe
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CritiqueofJudgment,velopmentofKant’sthinkingabouttheroleofanethicscon-
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taininganaccountofthemoralimageoftheworldwithinthesystemofphilosophy—asystemthatalsoaimstounderstandindepththeconflictsthataffectandtheforcesthatmotivateabeingbothrationalandhuman.
ThethreeCritiquesasawholewillalwaysappeartotheuninformedreadertobeamonumentalmonolithwithanimingthat,beforewritingthefirstCritique,Kantoutlinedhisprogramindetail,,forthefundamentaltheoremsofthefirstCritiqueremainunchangedandservecontinuouslyaspremisesinallofKant’,KanthadnodefiniteplansforwritingaseparateCri,theGroundworkoftheMetaphysicsofMoralswasintendedtoprovideafoundationforeth,,hearrivedatitsconceptiononlyafterhehadwrittenthe“CritiqueofTaste”whichhedidnotconceivebefore1786.
ThesedatawillalreadysufficetodissolvetheinitialimpressionofKant’’sthinkingre,cationsofhisprinciples,butratherthepresentationofthesystemitselfinanew,definitive,andtrulycomprehensiveform.
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Inasense,Kant’sistsintheepistemologyofthefirstCritiqueandtheconcep,thesystemhastobearrivedatthroughanascent—notbymeansofalogicalderivationfromasetofpossiblyintuitivelyconvincingpremises.
Itcaneasilybeseenthatontheonehandthisconceptionofthemethodofsystematicphilosophyand
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pectthatacorrectunder