英美文学重点作者汇总.docx

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英美文学重点作者汇总
早期和中世纪的英国文学
GeoffreyChaucerii
简介::TroilusandCriseyde《特洛伊斯洛与克瑞西达》(改变于意大利);TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》(包括:“ThePrologue”《总序》;“TheWifeofBath”《巴斯妇人》)。
TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》的影响:①Itshowsatrue-to-lifepictureofChaucer’stime.(之所以说乔叟是Thefounderofrealism,是因为早期英国文学歌颂英雄(Anglo-Saxonpoetry),中期英国文学歌颂骑士精神(TheRomance),之后虽然有了pierstheplowman,也不曾直接写社会不公,直到乔叟真实描写中世纪及各层人民。)②Takingfromthestandofrisingbourgeoisie,ChauceraffirmsmenandopposesthedogmaofasceticismpreachedbytheChurch.③Histalesexposeandsatirizetheevilsofhistime,attackdegenerationofthenoble,thecorruptionoftheChurch.
语言特色/贡献:①HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.②HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallytheHeroiccouplettoEnglishpoetry.③Heisgoodattheterzarima,whichmakeshislanguageahighstyle.
英国文艺复兴
ThomasMoreii
简介::Utopia《乌托邦》。
评价:①Moredaredtofightagainstthefeudalismrulerandhewasahumanist.②But,hewasnorevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanyrevolutionarymovement.③Thesystemofbondsmensuggestedtosolvetheproblemofsocialproductivitystillremainsthefeaturesofclassexploitation.④Hecouldneverfindthemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.
FrancisBacon
简介:HeisthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy,,theliteraryform,:AdvancementofLearning《学问的演进》;NewInstrument《新工具》;TheEssays《随笔》(58篇)“OfStudies”《论学****OfBeauty”《论美》;“OfWisdomforaMan’sSelf”《论自私》。
“OfStudies”《论学****Itsmessageisconveyedwithsweepingeffectandoverwhelmingpower,:Thetextfocusesononecontrollingidea——“studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.”
“OfBeauty”《论美》:Unlikemanyofhiscontemporaries,Baconmakesfulluseofsomeageravocabularytoexplicatehisgreattheme:“shine”eternally,beyondtimeandspace.
主题/技法:Bacon’,theclassicessaydealswithavarietyofthemes:philosophy,literarycriticism,arts,politics,history,socialproblems,,.
EdmundSpenser
简介:EdmundSpenserwasrecognizedasthe“Poet’spoet”.代表作:TheShepherd’sCalendar《牧羊人日历》;Epithalamion《结婚曲》;Amoritti《爱情小唱》;TheFaerieQueene《仙后》。
TheSpenserianStanza:Itreferstoanine-line-stanzawiththefollowingrhymescheme:.
TheFaerieQueene《仙后》:①Alongpoemplannedin12books,ofwhichhefinishedonlysix.②ItissetinthemythicalworldofKingArthurandhisknights.③theme:Nationalism,HumanismandPuritanism.
地位:①ThepublicationofTheShepherd’sCalendarmarkedthebuddingoftheRenaissanceflowerinthenorthernislandofEngland(Ireland).②ThelanguagehadchangedintoModernEnglishdistinguishedfromtheMiddleEnglishofChaucer’.
③HeinventedtheSpenserianstanza,whichbecameapopularverseforminthehistoricaldevelopmentofEnglishpoetry.
ChristopherMarloweii
简介:ChristopherMarlowewasthemostpreeminentfigureamongthe“universitywits”,:Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》(对权力的贪婪);TheJewofMalta《马耳他的犹太人》(对金钱的贪欲);DoctorFaustus《浮士德博士》。
DoctorFaustus《浮士德博士》:Theplaydealswiththemesincludingsin,redemption,’.
社会意义:①Marlowe’.②ThethemeofMarlowe’splaysisthepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasandlaw.③However,theheroesinMarlowe’.
文学成就:①.②HefirstmadeblankversetheprincipalinstrumentofEnglishdrama.③Althoughhisplayslackofvarietyincharacterizationandconstruction,hewasfamousforhis“mightyline”.
WilliamShakespeare
简介::①1590-1594初期,实验各种戏剧类型。早期人物塑造不够丰满,历史精确性不够,以诗剧为主要形式却无法摆脱押韵诗的死板僵硬。HenryVI《亨利六世》;RichardIII《理查德三世》;TheComedyofErrors《错中错》;TheTamingoftheShrew《驯悍记》;Love’sLabour’sLost《爱的徒劳》;RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。②1595-1600成熟期,史剧、十四行诗都很成熟。总体上积极向上但已有了些许苦痛,人物成熟饱满,史料丰富,采用马洛的无韵诗写法。RichardII《理查德二世》;
HenryIV《亨利四世》;HenryV《亨利五世》;TheMerryWivesofWindsor《温莎的风流娘们》;JuliusCaesar《朱利尤斯·凯撒》;伟大喜剧“GreatComedies”——AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》,TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》;AsYouLikeit《皆大欢喜》;TwelfthNight《第十二夜》。③1601-1607伟大悲剧时期,由于社会剧变,作品悲观。All’sWellThatEndsWell《终成眷属》;MeasureforMeasure《一报还一报》;AntonyandCleopatra《安东尼和克里奥佩特拉》;伟大悲剧“GreatTragedies”——Hamlet《哈姆莱特》;Othello《奥赛罗》;KingLear《李尔王》;Macbeth《麦克白》。④传奇剧时代。Cymbeline《辛白林》;TheWinter’sTale《冬天的童话》;TheTempest《暴风雨》;HenryVIII《亨利八世》。⑤诗歌:VenusandAdonis《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》;TheRapeofLucrece《鲁克丽丝受辱记》;Sonnets《十四行诗集》。
BenJonson
简介::EveryManinHisHumour《个性互异》;Volpone,ortheFox《福尔蓬奈》(或《狐狸》);TheAlchemist《炼金术士》;BartholomewFair《巴梭罗缪市集》。
作品特点:①Jonson’scomediesare“comediesofhumours”.Hisportrayalofcharactersisone-sided,flat,andlackingdevelopmentinsteadofbeingroundandflexible.②Jonsontookafirmstandforthe“threeunities”(time,placeandaction)andstronglydisapprovedofamixtureofseriousandcomicepisodesinaplay.③.
英国资产阶级革命时期
JohnMilton
简介:,中期写宣传册,晚期写史诗。代表作:“Lycidas”《利西达斯》(悼亡诗);
“OnhisDeceasedWife”《致亡妻》;Areopagirica《论出版自由》;DefenceoftheEnglishPeople《为英国人民辩护》(查理二世雇人写文章讨伐英国人民,因为当年他们支持处死查理一世,米尔顿写此文为英国人民辩护。);ParadiseLost《失乐园》;ParadiseRegained《复乐园》;SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》。
ParadiseLost《失乐园》:概况:Paradiselost,consistingof12books,,namely:ifGodisall-goodandall-powerful,whyistheresomuchsufferingandevilinthisworld
主题:Therearethreestrikingaspectsofhisintentioncanbefeltinthisepic:hisfaithinGod,hisinclinationforclassicism,:①Satan,thoughdefeated,stillsoughtrevenge,,heremainssuperiorinnobility,.②InthepoemGodisnobetterthanaselfishdespot,,,infact,nottheChristianProvidencebutameresymbolforanythinghebelievedtobebadorimmoral.③AdamandEveembodyMilton’sbeliefinthepowersofman.
贡献/技法:①Miltonwaspoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.②.③-dramaticworks.④.(a).Hisstyleischaracterizedwiththeepicelementsinit.(b).Healwaysinversethewordorder.(c).Hiswritingiscircumlocution(累赘的陈述).(d).Hisuseofimmenselylongsentencesandtheepanalepsis(语句间隔反复)⑤Hehasalwaysbeenadmiredforhissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.
十八世纪英国文学(思想启蒙时期)
AlexanderPope
简介:,especiallythatofsocialmorality,.(为什么说他是启蒙运动的代表)。代表作:EssayonCriticism
《论批评》(用英雄双韵体作);TheRapeoftheLock《卷发遇劫记》;TheDunciad《群愚史记》;EssayonMan《人论》(启蒙主义重要的作品)。
成就/局限性:①.②Hisstyleisdirectandcompact.③.
DanielDefoe(赏析)ii
DesertIslandFiction:“real”worldandmaybeanimageoftheideal,unspoiledorprimitiveexistence,foritisoftenpresentedasanexampleofinnergoodness,bravery,dignityandnobility,oradolescentinnocenceandpurityuncorruptedbytheevilforceincivilization.
写作技巧:Defoewroteinaplainfactual,almostdocumentarystylewithoutelaborate,,uncolouredandfree-running,-personnarrationisvivid,,withnosighofdeliberateintent,therealisticfiction——thedominantliteraryformforthefollowingcenturies.
内容:HereDefoedescribeshowthehero,afteryearsofsolitudeandhardships,:ActuallyCrusoedidmorethanmeresurvival,forheestablishedaplantation,openedupacolony,:DefoepresentshereinCrusoeaheroicimageofthebourgeoisman,amanwhoisdaring,persistent,resourcefulandambitious,adventurous,enterprisingaswell;:Theadventureromancebecomesanoptimisticsongofhumanity,singingofman’sabilitytosurvive,hiscouragetostruggleagainstnature,hisambitiontoconquernewland.
HenryFielding
简介::JosephAndrews《约瑟夫·安德鲁》;JonathanWild《大伟人乔纳森·魏尔德》;TomJones《汤姆·琼斯》。
特点:①FieldingisthefounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovelandsetsupthetheoryofrealisminliterarycreation.②Fielding’swayintellingthestoryofanovelisthestorymaybetoldbytheauthor.
③Fielding’swayofsatireistoslashtheevilsofthecorruptrulingclassesasinJonathanWild.
JonathanSwift
简介:JonathanSwiftwasanIrishsatirist,essayist,poetandpoliticalpamphleteer. 代表作:TheBattleoftheBooks《书战》;ATaleofaTub《一个木桶的故事》;BickerstaffAlmanac《比克斯塔辅历书》;Gulliver’sTravels《格列夫游记》;TheDrapier’sLetters《一个麻布商的来信》;AModestProposal《一个小小的建议》。
风格:①,,“Properwordsinproperplaces,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle.”②Heisamastersatiristandhisironyisdeadly.
WilliamBlake(前浪漫主义诗人)
简介:WilliamBlakeisaBritishpoet,:SongsofInnocence《天真之歌》;SongsofExperience《经验之歌》;TheMarriageofHeavenandHell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》。
地位:①ThewholetemperofBlake’sgeniuswasessentiallyopposedtotheclassicaltraditionofthatage.②Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.③Blake’srevolutionarypassioncamenearthatofShelly.
英国浪漫主义时期
浪漫主义时期的主要特点:
时间:Attheturnofthe18thand19thcenturies,.
①,imaginationandintuitionofhumankindarewhattheromanticistsemphasizeintheirworks.②Thegeneralfeatureoftheworksoftheromanticistsisthedissatisfactionwiththebourgeoissociety.③.
WilliamWordsworth(湖畔诗人,消极浪漫主义诗人,早期浪漫主义诗人)
简介:TherepresentativeofthepassiveRomanticpoets,《抒情歌谣集》in1798.
TheprefacetotheLyricalBallads:(诗歌创