北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解.docx

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PartIReadingComprehension(40points)
Directions:,beloweachofwhomtherearefouranswersmarkedA,B,-SCORINGANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
PassageOne
IwasintroducedtotheconceptofliteracyanimatorinOladumiArigbede's(1994),literacyanimatorsviewtheirroleasassistingintheself--,andtheyacceptthatliteracyisneverculturallyorideologicallyneutral.
'traditionalculturesorcommunity,orfostersilliteraciesinlearners'firstorhomelanguagesordialectsandintheirorality?
Someapproachestoliteracyinstructionrepresentanideologyofindividualism,control,,forexample,“sharing,solidarity,love,equity,co-operationwithandrespectofbothnatureandotherhumanbeings.”,(1993)describesliteracyanimatorsasproblem-posing,community-based,-educationtextbooksonreadingandlanguageartspromotetheideathatteachersshouldexploreproblemsfromacommunity-baseddialogicperspective?
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'homelanguages


-neutralnature
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,“choralreading”mayrepresent.


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'performanceintests
'slanguage

PassageTwo
Accordingtoonesurveyof12,000people,about30percentofthosemakingNewYear'sresolutionssaytheydon',,aconsumerdietandfitnessWebsite.
Butdon',evenifyou'restrugglingnow.
“Themotivationcomesfromwithin,andsowhenyoufindthatyou'redeclininginyourhealthyeatingprogram,andthenjustaskyourself,‘IsthisgoingtogetmetheresultsthatIwant?',”saysLeslieStewart,aregistereddietitianandlicensednutritionist.
“Andifyou'redoingsomethingeverydaytoeathealthy,thenthat'sgoingtopayoffinthelongrun.”
Stewartadvisestousewhatshecallsthe90-10eatingrule.
“Ifyou'reeatinghealthy90percentofthetime,then10percentofthetime,youcancutyourselfsomeslackandeatpleasurably.”
Shesaysshebelievesthat“healthyeatingisevolutioninsteadofresolution.”
Thesameprinciplecanbeappliedtoalaggingexerciseresolution,too.
Stayingmotivatediskeytolong-termsuccess,andreviewingoriginalgoalscanhelpstrengthenaweakeningworkoutprogram.
-intentionedworkouts,boredommaybecreepingyou'reyourroutine.
Settinggoalstoohighisanothercommonmistake.“Ifyou'renotrunningamarathonattheendofthemonth,don'tworry,”—andtheresultingpainandstiffness—.
Butifyourgoalsalreadyhavefallenbythewayside,Uriasaystostartupagainimmediately.
“AlittlesetbackisOK;getbackonthehorseandride...drivetowardthatgoal,”,onlyabout20%peoplekeepingtheirresolutionsdoesnotnecessarilymeanthat.



-termresolutionsarenotimportantforthosefacingtroubles
-10eatingruleaccordingtothepassage?
%ofthetime.
%ofthetime.
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-termresolutionssuccessful?
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PassageThree
Ourpresentgenerationofculturalcritics,arrivingaftertheassaultofpostmodernismandtheincreasinglywidespreadcommercializationofculture,hasbeencastadrift,,inthisview,eithernolongerexistorarefewinnumber.
Criticstoday,itisalsoclaimed,aretoocozybehindtheiviedwallsofacademe,,moreover,,theseJeremiahshuddlearoundtheirsadconclusionthatseriousculturalcriticismhasfallenintoamorassofpettybickeringandbloatedreputations.
Suchnarrativesofdeclension,astapleofAmericanintellectuallifesincethetimeofthePuritans,aremisplaced,self-serving,?.
Butmanynewandthrivingvenuesforcriticismanddebateexisttoday,,,andonewaytobaskinitistopublishreviewsthatscorchthelandscape,withDalePeckasthefatuous,butnotatypical,,inanessayinTheBeliever,“snark”,hertermforhostile,self-servingreviews.
Thesnarkreview,accordingtoJulavits,eschewsaseriousengagementwithliteratureinfavorofasound-biteapproach,“criticalcondition.”Forhim,thepostmodernturnto,theory,initsquestioningofobjectivity,cutthecritical,,makingitpreytothecommercialvaluesofthemarketandentertainment.
,theFrenchphilosopher,wasanti-,sofarasIknowhisblowsthusfarhaveallbeenconfinedtotheprintedpage.
,—asintheAmazonsystemofreaders'evaluatingbooks—isamessyaffair,-,as
JohnDeweydidalmostacenturyago,thattheproblemsofdemocracydemandmoredemocracy,lessnostalgiaforagoldenagethatneverwas,andaspiritofopennesstowhatisnewandinvigoratinginourculture.
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C.
Culturalcriticismisshortofjudgmentsandwillnotexistwithoutthesupportofpublicationsandinstitutions.
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'sopinionofthecurrentcomplaintabouttheliteraryexpansionintotheotherfields?
,theirviewsarelikelytobemeaningless.
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'“thesnarkreview”refertoaccordJiunlgavtitos?Heidi
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,theauthorsuggeststhat.

,reinforcingtheunchallengedauthorityintheliterarycriticism

,dismissnostalgiaandcultivateanopenattitude
PassageFour
InJuly,almostunnoticedbythenationalpress,,FoodandRuralAffairs(Defra)identifiedNewcastledisease,avirususuallymortaltoturkeysandgeesebutnothumans,inaflockof9,000pheasantchicksimportedfromFranceaheadoftheshootingseason.
Withinhoursofthediagnosis,veterinaryexpertshadswungintoaction,throwingupa3kmexclusionzonearoundthefarmnearCobhamandculling10,',withthenewsthatH5N1,afarmoredeadlybirdvirus,hasreachedTurkey,simila