合议制度基本功能评析
作者:汤火箭 更新时间:2005-12-23
[摘 要] 合议制度在实现诉讼民主化、抑制司法专横、防止司法腐败、促进司法判决的公正合理和公民才智的发展方面发挥着积极作用。与独任制相比,合议制耗费的诉讼资源较多,司法效率较低;合议庭成员的个人责任感容易降低,冒险倾向增强,可能影响审判质量。为克服合议制的负向功能,应逐步降低合议制度的运用范围,并注意挑选高素质、有责任感的合议成员,更重要的是完善相关机制,对不负责任者加以约束。
[关键词]合议;独任制;功能;民主
Abstract: collegiate system plays an important role in realizing the democratization of litigation, suppressing corruption, promoting the justice of judgment and improving the talent of people. However it has the problems of costing more litigation resources, low efficiency, degradation of members’ sense of responsibility and inclination of adventurism, which could affect the quality of trial. To curb the negative function of the collegiate system, we should reduce its application scope, select excellent members with high sense of responsibility, and the most important, modify the relevant mechanisms to restrain those who abuse this system.
Key words: collegiate system, function, democratic
考察法制史不难发现,自近代以来,司法审判领域的一个重要现象是合议审判广泛适用于各国刑事、民事和行政诉讼中,成为一项基本的诉讼原则。目前大多数国家在法院组织法、刑事诉讼法和民事诉讼法中都确立了合议审判原则,对合议庭成员的选拔、合议庭的组成、合议庭的审判活动、评议和表决规则等加以规定,构成了较完整的合议制度。
我国诉讼法明文规定,符合法定条件的案件均应组成合议庭独立审理。[①]然而在司法
实践中,合议制的运作常偏离立法本意,出现了合议庭合而不议、合议庭受内外因素干扰难以正常发挥功能等不少问题,合议制度面临挑战。我们认为,在理论上系统探究合议制度的正向功能、负向功能及功能完
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