欧洲的公共养老与私人养老.doc

本科毕业设计(论文)
外文翻译
原文:
Public versus private old-age pensions in Europe
The modern idea of a ‘welfare state’ constitutes one of the most important achievements of European political thought. Old-age pensions, in turn, are a crucial feature of a modern welfare state and a modern social market economy. Pensions are the main tool to provide citizens, on a large-scale basis, with acceptable welfare levels at retirement.
In the face of this, demographic trends initiated in the past and now showing major effects are casting serious doubts on the future sustainability of national pension systems as they anized today. Countries worldwide are dealing with increasing budgetary problems in paying out pensions due to population ageing and, especially in Europe, to a historical tendency towards early retirement. Awareness of this phenomenon has triggered a widespread debate in all Member States of the European Union and throughout the world about reforming national pensions systems. Currently , almost every OECD country and EU Member State is debating the pension problem and undertaking its own reforms.
However, pension system reform is a ‘sensitive target’, because of the very nature and importance of pensions. There are economic, demographic, social and political aspects that must be considered. Furthermore, from a technical point of view, there is controversy about the empirical magni