global and continuous pleasantness estimation of the soundscape perceived during walking trips through urban environments 2017 pierre aumond学术.pdf

该【global and continuous pleasantness estimation of the soundscape perceived during walking trips through urban environments 2017 pierre aumond学术 】是由【探春文档】上传分享，文档一共【16】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【global and continuous pleasantness estimation of the soundscape perceived during walking trips through urban environments 2017 pierre aumond学术 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..appliedsciencesArticleGlobalandContinuousPleasantnessEstimationoftheSoundscapePerceivedduringWalkingTripsthroughUrbanEnvironmentsPierreAumond1,2,*,ArnaudCan1,BertDeCoensel3,CarlosRibeiro4,DickBotteldooren3andCatherineLavandier21AME-LAE(EnvironmentalAcousticsLaboratory),Ifsttar(works,FrenchInstituteofScienceandTechnologyforTransport),44341Bouguenais,France;arnaud.******@,UMR8051/ENSEA,UniversityofCergy-RS,95000Cergy,France;catherine.******@u-,DepartmentofInformationTechnology,GhentUniversity,Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde15,9052Ghent,Belgium;bert.******@(.);dick.******@(.)4Bruitparif,93500Pantin,France;carlos.******@*Correspondence:pierre.******@;Tel.:+33-2-4084-5619AcademicEditor:JianKangReceived:14October2016;Accepted:25January2017;Published:5February2017Abstract:,twolaboratoryexperimentswerecarriedout,duringwhichcontrolledandnatural3-,,buttheircontributionisnotsigni?cantforthesecondgroupofstimuli,,lobalandcontinuouspleasantness,asafunctionoftheinstantaneoussoundpressurelevelLeq,1s,,extractedfrompsychologicalliterature,isalsoproposedforthismodelling,,uratelyestimatedfromthesoundpressurelevelofthesoundsequences,explainingabout60%:soundpleasantness;perceptualtest;urbansoundenvironment;recencyeffect;?tsofpracticingaphysicalactivityonadailybasis,andwalkinginparticular,iswidelyacknowledged[1].Softtransportationmodesarealsoknowntoeasetraf?c?,municipalitiesareincreasinglypromotingtheuseofwalkingorcyclingtotheircitydwellers,muting,andinvestinginfacilitiesthatencouragethesepractices[2–5].However,althoughsofttransportationmodesundoubtedlyhaveapositiveglobalenvironmentaleffect,anincreasedexposuretoroadtraf?cpollutants,namelyairbornepollutants,?neparticles,andnoiselevels,ampli?edbythehighcorrelationgenerallyobservedbetweenthesepollutants[6–8],,7,144;doi::..,7,,theenvironmentalqualityattheneighborhoodscale,stronglyin?uencesthechoiceofwalkingastransportationmode[Appl.?Sci.?2017,?7,?144?2?of?169?–11].Therefore,beingabletoestimatetheexposureassociatedwithanurbanwalkingtriphasmanypotentialinterests,suchasforinformingpedestriansaboutthepotentialhealthbene?toftheirintendedcounterpart?of?choosing?this?transportation?mode?in?urban?areas.?Moreover,?the?environmental?walk,orforoptimizingtherelatedroutechoicethroughspeci?calgorithms[12,13].quality?at?the?neighborhood?scale,?strongly?influences?the?choice?of?walking?as?transportation??However,estimatingnoiseexposureismadedif?cultbythehighspatialandtemporalsoundmode?[9–11].?Therefore,?being?able?to?estimate?the?exposure?associated?with?an?urban?walking?trip?pressurelevelvariability,typicalinurbanenvironments[has?many?potential?interests,?such?as?for?informing?pedestrians14?about,15].Moreover,recentworkshave?the?potential?health?benefit?of?their?intended?walk,?or?for?optimizing?the?related?route?choice?through?specific?algorithms?[12,13].?plexrelationsbetweenperceptualassessments(.,pleasantnessofthesoundHowever,?estimating?noise?exposure?is?made?difficult?by?the?high?spatial?and?temporal?sound?environment)[pressure?level16–18?variability,]andphysicalmeasurements[?typical?in?urban?environments19,20].Theimportanceofthetemporalandspectral?[14,15].?Moreover,?recent?works?have?dimensionsofsound[revealed?plex19,?20relations],theinterestofexplicitlyintroducingthecontributionofdifferentsound?between?perceptual?assessments?(.,?pleasantness?of?the?sound?sources(.,vehicles,voices,birds,etc.)intothemodeling[environment)?[16–18]?and?physical?measurements?[19,20].?The16?–importance18],thein?uenceofnon-acoustical?of?the?temporal?and?parameters[spectral?21dimensions],suchasthevisualsceneandtheopennessofthespace[?of?sound?[19,20],?the?interest?of?explicitly?introducing21,22],andevennon-physical?the?contribution?of?factors,suchasdemographic,cultural,andsocialfactors,orcontextfactors[different?sound?sources?(.,?vehicles,?voices,?birds,?etc.)?into?the?modeling?[16–18],23?the–25?influence],advocatenot?of?relyingonenergeticindicatorswhenproducingsoundpleasantnessmapsorassessingthesoundnon‐acoustical?parameters?[21],?such?as?the?visual?scene?and?the?openness?of?the?space?[21,22],??,whichincludeand?even?non‐physical?factors,?such?as?demographic,?cultural,?and?social?factors,?or?context??factors?[23–25],?advocate?not?relying?on?energetic?indicators?when?producing?sound?pleasantness?mobilemeasurements,ful?ltherequirementsforestimatingthesoundpleasantnessofwalkingtrips,maps?or?assessing?the?sound?pleasantness?of?urban?walking?trips.?Recently?proposed?noise?mapping?passurbansoundenvironments,allowingonealternatives,?which?include?mobile?measurements,?fulfil?the?requirements?for?estimating?the?sound?toestimateadvancedindicators[26–28].pleasantness?of?walking?trips,?as?they?account?for?all?of?the?sound?sources?that?pass?urban??environments,?allowing?one?to?estimate?advanced?indicators?[26–28].?However,thisrequiresanunderstandingofhowapedestriangloballyandretrospectivelyassessesThis?new?context?makes?it?possible?to?estimate?the?sound?pleasantness?of?an?urban?walking?trip.?,?this?requires?an?understanding?of?how?a?pedestrian?globally?and?retrospectively?assesses?a?frameworkofthreesteps,,modelsareproposedtorelateperceptualsound?environment?that?varies?with?time.?This?paper?investigates?these?relations?through?a?modeling?assessmentsofcontinuousandoverallpleasantnessofthepresentedsoundsequences(Figure1C).framework?of?three?steps,?described?in?Figure?1.?First,?models?are?proposed?to?relate?perceptual?Then,modelsoftheinstantaneousandoverallsoundpleasantnessappreciation,basedonsoundlevelsassessments?of?continuous?and?overall?pleasantness?of?the?presented?sound?sequences?(Figure?1C).?Then,?models?of?the?instantaneous?and?overall?sound?pleasantness?appreciation,?based?on?sound?(Figure1A,B),?(Figure?1A,B),?are?proposed.???.(?1.?Modeling??(A):relationsbetweensound-leveltimeseriesandperceivedoverall):?relations?between?sound‐level?time?series?and?perceived?overall?pleasantness;(pleasantness;B)relationsbetweensound-leveltimeseriesandperceivedcontinuouspleasantness;?(B)?relations?between?sound‐level?time?series?and?perceived?continuous?pleasantness;??(C):relationsbetweenperceivedcontinuousandoverallpleasantness((C):?relations?between?perceived?continuous?and?overall?pleasantness?(C).C?).Previousresearchinthe?eldofpsychology,psychoacoustics,andsoundscape,hasshownthatPrevious?research?in?the?field?of?psychology,?psychoacoustics,?and?soundscape,?has?shown?that?retrospectiveoveralljudgementisnotasimpleaverageofinstantaneousjudgment,butissigni?cantlyretrospective?overall?judgement?is?not?a?simple?average?of?instantaneous?judgment,?but?is?in?uencedbythefollowingprincipaltemporaleffects(moredetailscanbefoundin[29]):significantly?influenced?by?the?following?principal?temporal?effects?(more?details?can?be?found??in?[29]):?Therecencyeffect,bywhichinitialand?nalmomentaryjudgmentsofasequencearemorerememberedattheinstantwhentheretrospectiveassessmentisgiven,hasbeenobservedfor?The?recency?effect,?by?which?initial?and?final?momentary?judgments?of?a?sequence?are?more?soundsequencesbyV?stfj?ll[30,31].remembered?at?the?instant?when?the?retrospective?assessment?is?given,?has?been?observed?for?sound?sequences?by?V?stfj?ll?[30,31].??Thepeak-endrule,whichstatesthattheglobaljudgementofanexperimentisin?uencedbyits?The?peak‐end?rule,?which?states?that?the?global?judgement?of?an?experiment?is?influenced?by?its?mostintensepointanditsend(negativeorpositiveperception),hasbeenobservedin[32,33].most?intense?point?and?its?end?(negative?or?positive?perception),?has?been?observed?in?[32,33].??Thetrendeffect,whichdescribesthefactthatpeopleoftenmakepredictionsaboutthefuture?The?trend?effect,?which?describes?the?fact?that?people?often?make?predictions?about?the?future?basedontrendsthattheyhaveobservedinthepast,hasbeenshownbySteffens&Guastavino,based?on?trends?that?they?have?observed?in?the?past,?has?been?shown?by?Steffens?&?Guastavino,?onacorpusofvarious1-minlengthsamples[29].on?a?corpus?of?various?1‐min?length?samples?[29].??Themainworksthathavedealtwiththeretrospectiveassessmentoftime-varyingacousticalThe?main?works?that?have?dealt?with?the?retrospective?assessment?of?time‐varying?acoustical?signals?often?focused?on?loudness?perception,?on?very?controlled?stimuli?(pure?tones,?white?noise,?signalsoftenfocusedonloudnessperception,onverycontrolledstimuli(puretones,whitenoise,:..,7,1443of16speci?csoundsources,etc.),,suchasthepleasantnessofthesonicenvironmentduringurbanwalks,requiresnewexperimentalset-upsandstimuli,,virtualrealityandauralizationtoolshavebeenproposedbysomeauthors,inordertoful?llthisrequirement[34,35],-situAppl.?Sci.?2017,?7,?144?3?of?16??cantlyin?uencetheglobalspecific?sound?sources,?etc.),?or?on?short?sound?sequences.?Evaluating?retrospective?global?judgments,?judgmentforveryshortpaths(inferiorto1min),butnotforlargerpaths(>15min)[such?as?the?pleasantness?of?the?sonic?environment?during?urban?walks,?requires?new?experimental36].Theseresults?‐ups?and?stimuli,?closer?to?the?in?situ?experience.?Recently,?virtual?reality?and?auralization?tools?Therelationbetweenthecontinuousinstantaneousjudgementduringatime-varyingsoundhave?been?proposed?by?some?authors,?in?order?to?fulfill?this?requirement?[34,35],?and?more?immersive?environment,andthephysicalpropertiesofthestimuli,?could?help?in?highlighting?these?temporal?effects?over?longer?sound?sequences.?An?in‐onetoestimatetheintegration,relaxation,andreactiontimesthatlinksoundlevelstomomentarysitu?experiment?by?Aumond?et?al.?revealed?that?recency?or?trend?effects?significantly?influence?the?global?judgment?for?very?short?paths?(inferior?to?1?min),?but?not?for?larger?paths?(>15?min)?[36].?These?evaluations:,forexample,foundrelevantresults?need?to?pared?with?other?experiments.??in[37].Inaddition,thelinksbetweenoverallpleasantnessevaluationsandsoundlevelstime-seriesThe?relation?between?the?continuous?instantaneous?judgement?during?a?time‐varying?sound?,?and?the?physical?properties?of?the?stimuli,?are?also?of?particular?interest.?They?enable?Thepresentpaperaimsatinvestigatinghowthesoundpl