framing overtourism a critical news media analysis giang thi phi资料.pdf

该【framing overtourism a critical news media analysis giang thi phi资料 】是由【赖大文档】上传分享，文档一共【6】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【framing overtourism a critical news media analysis giang thi phi资料 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。CurrentIssuesinTourismISSN:1368-3500(Print)1747-7603(Online)Journalhomepage:https:///rcit20Framingovertourism:acriticalnewsmediaanalysisGiangThiPhiTocitethisarticle:GiangThiPhi():Framingovertourism:acriticalnewsmediaanalysis,CurrentIssuesinTourism,DOI:.1618249Tolinktothisarticle:https:///.1618249SubmityourarticletothisjournalViewCrossmarkdataFullTerms&essandusecanbefoundathttps://ion/journalInformation?journalCode=rcit20CURRENTISSUESINTOURISMhttps:///.1618249RESEARCHLETTERFramingovertourism:acriticalnewsmediaanalysisGiangThiPhiTheFacultyofHumanities,University,Copenhagen,DenmarkABSTRACTARTICLEHISTORYprehendhowthenewsmediaframesmodernovertourism,;news;framing;continuestobepromotedinthebackdropofovertourismnews,whilecontentanalysis;Leximancerresponsibilitiestomitigatenegativeimpactsareattributedtocities,,alongwithdiscussionsonalternativestothepro-growthparadigmandtheindustrialwork-home-,globaltourismhaswitnessedrapid,?rstreached1billionin2012andisforecasttonearlydoubleby2030(UNWTO,2017).Thisiscoupledwithanevenmoreexponentialincreaseofdomestictourismactivitiesandotherformsoftourism-relatedmobilities(Hall,2015).Alongwiththisunprecedentedgrowth,theissueof‘overtourism’,‘over-tourism’iscertainlynot‘new’asvariousconceptsrelatedtomanagingvisitornumbersandresourcesattourismdestinationshavebeendiscussedasearlyasthe1970s.(–Kuss&Morgan,1980,Sinden,munityantagonismandDoxey’sirritationindex–Doxey,1975).Contemporaryovertourismissuescontinuemanyoftheselong-standingdebatesontourismdevel-opment,-plexitythatwarrantfurtherexploration(Milano,Novelli,&Cheer,2019).Thisresearchletterseekstoexplorethemajorframesofcontemporaryovertourismbeingpresentedinthenewsmedia,‘wicked’problemssuchasovertourism,asthenewsmediacanactasbothausefuloutletforactorstoconveytheirperspec-tivesonanissue,andapowerfulactorthatcanin?uencepublicopinionsandactions(Schweinsberg,Darcy,&Cheng,2017).Contentanalysiswasperformedon202Englishnewsarticlespublishedinleadinginternational/nationalnewspaperoutlets,utilizingtheassistanceofqualitativeanalysissoft-?ersasystematic,‘lexicalco-occurrenceinformationfromnaturallanguageintoseman-ticpatterns’(Smith&Humphreys,2006,).TheuseofLeximancersoftwarehelpstoreducebiasandincreasereliability,?edviaNexislexis(oneoftheworld’slargestelectronicdata-basefornewsandpublic-records)byusingthekeywords‘overtourism’or‘over-tourism’.******@?2019InformaUKLimited,tradingasTaylor&?ed,butafterscreeningforduplicatesandrelevance,mostoftheremainingarticles’publicationtimefallbetweentheperiodof2008–-relatedthemes,eachwithitsownmain‘character’(,locals,citiesandthetravelindustry)(Figure1).Thesekeythemesareheat-‘hottest’themeisindicatedbytheredcolour,followedbyyellow,greenandblue,accordingtothecolourwheel.(1)Causesofovertourism,centringon‘tourists’:Thisisthemostdominanttheme,whichcitesthephenomenalgrowthoftouristnumbersinrecentyears,alongwithtourists’tendencytotraveltopopulardestinationsduringthesameperiods,,especiallythenumberoftourists,--chain,thefallingcostoftravelandtheexceedinge?ortsdestinationsputintomarketing(,2018).(2)Impactsofovertourism,centringon‘locals’:,congestedstreetsandtherisingcostofliving(Groundwater,2018).Tourism-phobiaandprotestsagainsttouriststhereforeupythesecondlargestportionofthenewsdiscourseregardingovertourism.(3)Overtourismcontext,centringon‘cities’:Previoustourismliteraturetendstofocusonovercrowd-inginthecontextofnationalparksandprotectedareas(,2001).‘Modern’overtour-ismhowever,essentiallytakesplaceinurbanareas,withthethreemost-mentionedcitiesalllocatedinEurope:Barcelona–65counts,Venice–44countsandDubrovnik–,(UNWTO,2017).Inaddition,‘cruise’and‘ships’areothernotablesub-themes,indicatingthatthecruiseindustryisanimportantcontributortoovertourism.(4)Thegrowthagenda,centringon‘thetravelindustry’:Anemergingnarrativeinthemediadis-course,?canceoftourism(especiallyincreatingjobsandbringingrevenuetodestinations)isfrequentlymentioned,alongwithtermssuchas‘responsiblegrowth’and‘managinggrowth’.Theessenceofthisthemeliesintheassumptionthatitisnottheglobaltravelindustry’srapidexpansionthatcreatesovertourism,butrather‘badmanage-ment’,despitetheproblemofovertourism(Pylas,2017).Importantly,thesub-theme‘measures’arepositionedintheintersectionof‘city’and‘local’,asopposedtothesystematicmacrolevelofthenational/‘touristtax’isthemostdiscussedmeasurewith173counts,,despitethegrowingattentiontoovertourism,thecurrentpublicmediadiscourseonthisissueremainsrathersimplistic,focusingmainlyonreportingfactsoftouristnumbers,aswellasreac-?ndingsareconsistentwithHall(2019)’scriticismsoftheneo-liberaldiscoursepromotedbytheUNWTOandothermajorindustryplayers,whichsimpli?escomplex‘wicked’issuessuchasovertourismandsustainabletourismdevelopment(inrelationtothe2030SustainableDevelopmentGoals)into‘tame’policyproblems,’,Krippendorf’sseminaltext‘TheHolidayMakers’havewarnedreadersoftwokeycharacteristicsgoverningthemodernindustrial-socialsystems,includingthephenomenaofmasstourism:adestructiveprioritizationofeconomicgrowthandthesti?ingindustrialwork-,thepro-growthagendasarenotonlypromotedbypowerfultourismactorssuchastheUNWTOorthetransnationaltourism/panies,buttheyarealsodeeplyembeddedinthepoliciesandoperationsofmanylocal/nationalauthoritieswithinthetourismsystem(Bianchi,2002).Similarly,therecreationcycleofhumanbeingsinindustrialsociety,whichconsistof‘work-home-freetime-travel’,,travelispredo-minantlyusedasawayofrecoveringfromtheroutine-‘holidaymachines’assuchareaninherentconsequenceofandano?setfortheincreasedlossofnature,theshrinkingoflivingandpublicspaces,increasedstressindailylife,andthelackofful?llingleisureandrecreationalactivitiesonecanexperienceathome(Krippendorf,1987,).,,forinstance,thefallingcostofairtravel,theexpansionoftourismgentri?cationviasharingplatforms,seasonalityandthecon-centrateddistributionoftouristsincertainareas(Goodwin,2017).Overtourismhasalsobeenmons,astourismactivitiesoftenrelyonandheavilyexploitpublicresources(Pintassilgo&Silva,2007).Furthermore,overtourismisnotonlyrelatedtotheobjectiveincreaseinthenumberoftouristsbutalsothesubjectivelocals’per-ceptionsthattourism’snegativeimpactsoutweighitsbene?ts(Koens,Postma,&Papp,2018).Theseperceptionscanbein?uencedbyarangeoffactors,suchastourists’behaviours,histori-munityresilience(Lindberg,McCool,&Stankey,1997).Overall,thisresearchletterhighlightstheimportanceofbetterlinkingthecontemporaryover-,,whilsttourists,localsandcitiesarepresentedbythemedia,theirdiversevoicesarenotwell--(2018),forinstance,,asthisresearchutilizesonlyEnglishnewsmedia,similaranalysisusingsourcesfromotherlanguagesmayhelptocreateafullerunderstandingofhowtheglobalmediaframeovertourism(,ThailandandBoracay,thePhilippinesareattractingmoreattention).Third,opportunitiesexisttolinkback,andcontinuetoexpandtheliteratureonovertourism’srelationswithnon-humanactors(-tage,forest,river,wildlifeandsealife),whosevoicesseemtobelargelyexcludedfromthecurrenthuman-,ofurtherconfronttheprevalentmanagerialecologicalapproachthatfocusesonimprovingthee?cientuseofresourcesfortourismconsumptionandgrowth,withoutproperethicalconsider-ationsoftheecosystems’limits(,2019).Aboveall,-Graham(2006),forexample,examinesradicalalternativeeconomicspaces,non-capitalistmodesofexchangesandthemultitudeofvaluecreationthatgobeyondthehegemonicWestern-(2018)haveexploredthisnotionofdiverseeconomiesintourism,(2009)calledforsustainabletourismdevelopmenttobemoretightlywovenintothebroaderde-growthmovement,whileHiggins-Desbiolles,Carnicelli,Kro-likowski,Wijesinghe,andBoluk(2019),throughinvestigatingtheframeworksthatcouldenhancehumans’ful?lmentintheirdailylife,tourismresearchcouldcontributetorede?ningthepurposeandmeaningoftravel,?-0002-2359-2833CURRENTISSUESINTOURISM5ReferencesBianchi,.(2002).&(Eds.),Tourismanddevelopment:Conceptsandissues(–299).London:,J.,&Dredge,D.(2018).Reworkingtourism:&Development,15(5),473–,G.(1975).Acausationtheoryofvisitor–residentirritants::The6thannualconference(–198).SanDiego:-Graham,.(2006).:,H.(2017).