Why Universities Better Invest in the Humanities Theo D’haen.pdf

该【Why Universities Better Invest in the Humanities Theo D’haen 】是由【好用文档】上传分享，文档一共【11】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【Why Universities Better Invest in the Humanities Theo D’haen 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..EuropeanReview,page1of11?2018AcademiaEurop?adoi:’HAENEnglishDepartment,KULeuven/UniversityofLeuven,BlijdeInkomststraat21–3311,B-3000Leuven,:theo.******@,,whichhavetodowiththechangedstatusofhumanitiesdisciplineswithinuniversities,,andglobalizationincreasingpetition,areleadingtoeconomizationandrationalizationintheworldofacademe,relegatingthehumanitiesoften–quitenaturally,sotospeak–,therearegoodreasonstocontinuefunding,andpromoting,,butalsoofeconomics.*monplaceknowledge,andIhavetalkedandwrittenonthisbefore,,2Infact,thehumanitiesbeingincrisisisanalmostperennialcomplaintofthe?,however,theclaimseemstobetrue,‘broad’prisingalsothesocialsciences,or–inanevenbroaderde?nition–whatinFrenchiscalledthesciencesdel’homme,orinGermantheGeisteswissenschaften,butitisespeciallytrueofthehumanitiesinitsmorenarrowde?nitioninEnglish,coveringwhatisusuallyreferredtoas‘thearts’,butalsodisciplinessuchashistory(althoughintheUSthelatterisoftenincludedwiththesocialsciences).Anditistrueeveninthepartoftheworldthatisusuallyseenasthebirthplaceandcoredomainofthestudyofthehumanities,,particularlyEuropeandtheUS,orNorthAmerica,?eld,,andtheperceivedneedtoinvestinwhatpetitiveintheglobalmarket,governments*AshorterChineseversionofthisarticleappearedinTansuoyuZhengming(ExplorationandFreeViews),2017,5(May),123–,forthe?rsttimeinEnglish,://&ScienceUniversity,on20Mar2018at18:48:42,subjecttotheCambridgeCoretermsofuse,availableathttps://e/:///:..2TheoD’haenencouragestudentstoopttostudyscienceratherthanthehumanities,inwhateverde?nition,andoflate,andevenmorespeci?cally,tooptforSTEMdisciplines,,wheretheteachinggranthasbeenwithdrawnforallbutSTEM-subjects,andwheresigni?cantnumbersofartsdepartments–andespeciallyforeignlanguageandliteraturedepartments–,suchasSOAS(SchoolofOrientalandAfricanStudies)oftheUniversityofLondon,where,asof2015,-,in2013–2014,evenwhileIwaschairingacurricularprogrammereviewofallmodernlanguageandliteraturedepartmentsatthesixmajorDutchuniversities,theUniversityofGroningencloseditsdepartmentsorprogrammesofDanish,Norse,Icelandic,FinnishandHungarian,andsharplyreduceditsofferingsinotherEuropeanlanguagesexceptEnglishandDutch;theUniversityofUtrechtcloseddownPortuguese,herlands;theUniversityofAmsterdamhadalreadycloseddownRomanian,alsotheonlysuchherlands;,%ormore,herlandsbeingpanyofLatvia,Lithuania,:‘SSH–useit,don’tloseit!’AndinGermanytherewasthethreatofclosingdownallhumanities/,withmanygovernmentstendingtoshifttheburdenofresearchfromnationalorinstitutionalsourcestoEuropeanones(andespeciallythelargeFrameworkprogrammessuchasthepresentHorizon2020pro-gramme),whichholdonlylimitedpossibilitiesforthehumanities/arts,allthemoresoasthelatterareusuallybundledinwiththesocialsciencesinSSH,withSSclearlytakingthelion’(NationalEndowmentfortheHumanities),adjustedforin?ation,%declineinhumanitiesbachelor’sdegreessince2014,withEnglishlosing8%,history12%,andclassicalstudies19%.,whatarewetomakeofallthiswithaneyetotherelationshipbetweenestohighereducation?Andwhat,ifanything,canwedoaboutit?Some,suchasStanleyFish,one-timeenfantterribleofEnglishStudiesintheUS,andaformerDeanofHumanitiesatDukeUniversity,simplyadmitsthatthehumanitiesareofno‘use’,suchasFrankDownloadedfrom&ScienceUniversity,on20Mar2018at18:48:42,subjecttotheCambridgeCoretermsofuse,availableathttps://e/:///:..WhyUniversitiesBetterInvestintheHumanities3Donoghue,alsofromEnglishStudies,thinkthatthehumanitieswillberationalizedandeconomizedoutofexistenceinincreasingly‘corporate,vocation-centreduniversities’gearedexclusivelyto‘pro?table’studies().Insomeways,weseeherlandsandBelgium,wherecoursesintranslationandinterpreting–whichwouldformerlyhavebeenhousedinwhatintheolddayswouldhavebeencalledPolytechnicsinBritain,TechnischeHochschuleninGer-many,herlands–areeitherincorporatedintouniversitiesproper,asinBelgium,orcreatedwheretheydidnotexistbefore,her-,obviously,istoprovidea‘useful’alternativetothe‘oldanduseless’coursesinlan-guageand,especially,,infact,thereisnoreadymarketforthenumbersoftranslatorsandinterpretersthatarenowbeingspawnedbytheseprogrammes,orthatthegraduatesofsuchprogrammesoftenfailtoqualifyforthereallyinterestingandrewarding(alsointhe?nancialsense)jobs,suchasconferenceinterpreters,munityorcourtinterpreters,‘mere’,awell-knownphilosopherofeducationattheUniversityofChicago,inNotforPro?t(2010),andearlierinCultivatingHumanity(1997),arguesthevalueofthehumanitiesasBildungproject,,,BildungwasacentralconceptinGermanhighereducation,andtoGermancitizen-,whereasoriginallyBildungwasmeanttoservethefulldevelopmentoftheGermanindividualinaGermanydividedintocountlesssmallerunitssuchasprincipalities,duchiesandcounties,alongwithafewlargerkingdoms,eventuallyitcametoplayarolein‘building’-baumhasinmind,though,‘worldcitizenship’.However,unlikewithothersuchideas,asexpressedbyImmanuelKantattheendoftheeighteenthcenturyandothersfol-lowinghislead,Nussbaumisnotaimingatacosmopolitanismgearedto?nancialorintellectualelites,butatinstillingempathywithallpeopleintheworld,sharinguniversallyhumanfeelingssuchasjoy,pain,suffering,etc.,,therearethosethatargueforre-orientingthehumanitiestowardsakindofcriticalvocationalism,,bothwell-knownAmericanprofessorsofEnglish,andmorerecentlybythewell-knowntelevisionpresenterandpoliticalscientistFareedZakariainhisInDefenseofaLiberalEducation().8Aliberaleducation,heargues,typicallyfavoursthedevelopmentofskillscharacteristicofthehumanities:reading,thinkingandwritingwell,,itispreciselythelatterthatmightmakepromotingaliberaleducationandthehumanitiesnotonlylessattractivebutactuallydangeroustosome,eventhoughaDownloadedfrom&ScienceUniversity,on20Mar2018at18:48:42,subjecttotheCambridgeCoretermsofuse,availableathttps://e/:///:..4TheoD’,Zakariaargues,itisthosehumanitiesskillsthatopenupcareerpossibilitiesforhumanitiesgraduatesbeyondthetraditionaloutletsforsuchgraduates–,theskillsalludedtocanalsostandsomeoneingoodsteadinpolitics,thecivilservice,,,withthewavesofdemocratizationsettinginalreadyinaveryspeci?cwayintheUnitedKingdom–withtheintroductionofEnglishliteraturecoursesatWorkingMen’s(andsomewhatlateralsoWomen’s)CollegesintheUK–andinamoregeneralsenseintheUSAaftertheFirstWorldWar,andalsoaftertheSecondWorldWarinEurope,,moresystematicstudiesofone’,howeverdifferentlytheyplayedoutindifferentcountries,thatthestudyofmodernlanguagesandliteratures,alongwiththestudyofhistory,,weseeallotherkindsofstudiesbeyondthehumanitiesincreasinglygaininginimportance,ingtoplayasmallerroleinhighereducationoverall,,wenowseemorepopularmediasup-,thestudyofmodernlanguagesandlit-eratures,andtoalesserextentperhapsthestudyofhistory,willretreatintosomekindofacademicreservation,panyingconnotationsof‘thehappyfew’,‘ivorytower’,‘luxurystudies’,-fangledupstarts,sonownewdisciplines,oftenthemselvesbornashybridsbetweendisciplinesfromhithertodifferent?eldsofstudyandresearch,willetothefore:culturalstudies,mediastudies,creativeindustries,digitalhumanities,‘new’disciplinesincorporatesomeofthemethodsandachievements,alongwithsomeofthesubjectmatter,ofthe‘old’humanitiesdisciplines,alongwithmethodsandprocedures,aswellasknowledge,fromother?elds,beitthesocialsciences,orthesciencesproper,suchincorporationinevitablyalsoimpliesare-,ifthereisanythingIlearnedfromwhatisgoingoninmyownuniversity,mitteeIherlands,itisthatthe‘old’,Downloadedfrom&ScienceUniversity,on20Mar2018at18:48:42,subjecttotheCambridgeCoretermsofuse,availableathttps://e/:///:..WhyUniversitiesBetterInvestintheHumanities5disciplinessuchasculturalstudies,mediastudies,creativeindustries,digitalhuma-nitiesorEuropeanStudiesmakeupfor,andinmanyinstancesactuallysurpass,,notwith-standingMarthaNussbaum’stellingNotforPro?tt