‘But what is the reason why you know such things ’ Alison Channon.pdf

该【‘But what is the reason why you know such things ’ Alison Channon 】是由【彩凤w】上传分享，文档一共【19】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【‘But what is the reason why you know such things ’ Alison Channon 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..JournalofPragmatics129(2018)154e172ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectJournalofPragmaticsjournalhomepage:ate/pragma‘Butwhatisthereasonwhyyouknowsuchthings?’QuestionandresponsepatternsintheLADOinterviewAlisonChannona,PaulFoulkesa,*,TraciWalkerbaUniversityofYork,UKbUniversityofShef?eld,UKarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:ThisstudyusesthetoolsofConversationAnalysis(CA)urReceived23February2017inLADO(LanguageAnalysisfortheDeterminationofOrigin)?veReceivedinrevisedform14March2018recordedinterviewswithfemaleasylumseekers,?ed,associatedwithdirectives,echoquestions,:frequentlyissuedaspartofmultiplequestionsfromtheinterviewer,alongsideadditionalLADOquestionsormodi??cand/Asylumormostrecentquestionratherthanful?,?rmation,,,-cordings,?,(Eurostat,2017).Claimantsoftenlackdocumentationtocon?rmtheircase,(al.,2010;Patrick,Schmid&Zwaan,inpress).Thistypeofanalysis,andassociatedresearch,etobeknownasLanguageAnalysisfortheDeter-minationofOrigin(LADO),despitereservationsovertheappropriatenessofthislabel(Eadesetal.,2003;Reath,2004).InrecentyearsLADOhasbeenemployedinaround500casesannuallyintheUKalone(WilsonandFoulkes,2014:220).Assuch,*-mailaddress:paul.******@().https:///.-2166/CrownCopyright?.:.../JournalofPragmatics129(2018)154e172155overnmentsaroundtheworld,eoftheLADOinterviewcanhavelife-,,itisa?:thedevelopmentofthoroughandup-to-datedescriptiverecordsofrelevantlanguagesandlanguagevarieties;assessingthestrengthsandweaknessesofLADOanalystsandtheirmethods;,namelyquestionandresponsestructuresobservedin?(CA),toourknowledgethe?,relatedtothestructureofthediscourseorconversation,,plishedthroughlan-guage(DrewandHeritage,1992a,b;Woof?tt,2005;Sidnell,2010).CAfocusesonrecurrentandsystematicpatternsofconver-sation,whicharenotrelatedtopeople'sidiosyncraticstyles,?ndingsaredirectlybasedonrecordedinteractions,,-taking,correctingerrorsormisunderstandings,howactionsplished,,ithasalsobeenappliedtoinstitutionaltalk,suchasjobinterviews(Button,1987),doctors'visits(HeritageandMaynard,2006),andcourtroomdiscourse(Komter,2013).Institutionaltalkhasseveralfeaturesthatdistinguishitfromeverydayconversation(HeritageandClayman,2010).Forexample:participantshavespeci?cgoalswhichareboundtotheirroles(.,interviewersaskquestionsforanoverhearingaudi-ence,)institutionally-speci?cproceduresandframeworksapply(.,restrictedturn-takingincourtrooms)institutionaltalkistypicallyasymmetricalinhowturnsaredistributed,andtheformtheseturnsmaytakeforthepar-ticipants(Thornborrow,2002).Questionsareoftencentraltoinstitutionaltalk,asinthecaseofteachingandvarioustypesofinterviews,,whereoneparticipantisresponsibleforaskingquestionsandtheotherforansweringthem(Schegloff,1992a).Thequestioneristypicallythemorepowerfulspeaker,asheorshedeterminesthetopicsandstructureoftheconversation(DrewandHeritage,1992a,b).TheLADOinterviewisoneformofinstitutionaltalkinwhichtheinterviewer(s)andtheintervieweeareclearlyde?,,includingthequestiontypesanalysed(Section3).The?ndingsarediscussedindetailinSection4,-oodpracticeinLADOinterviews(Section5).(UNGeneralAssembly,1951).However,,conductedrelativelyearlyduringscreeningofclaims(HomeOf?ce,2017:9).IthasalsobeenclaimedthattheLADOinterviewshouldnotbeusedasthesolebasisforanasylumdecision(HomeOf?ce,2017:21),,butthereisevidencetosuggestitisusedonlyinaminorityofcases(%ofUKcases;WilsonandFoulkes,2014:220).Itisusuallyusedwhenanasylumseekerlacksidentifyingdocumentsandthustherearedoubtsabouttheclaim(BaltisbergerandHubbuch,2010).TheaimofLADOistocommentonanasylumseeker'sclaimedoriginthroughtheanalysisoflanguageandculturalknowledge,elicitedviaaninterview(al.,2010).,asasampleoftheclaimant',however,thatLADOcannotmakeclaimsaboutnationalityeinstead,itcanofferinsightintolinguisticsocialisation,whichmayinturngivecluestonationalorigin(LNOG,2004).Furthermore,inmanycasesalegitimateclaimforasylumislimitedtospeci?,basedonspeci?cdialectalorsociolinguisticvariants.:.../JournalofPragmatics129(2018)154e172LADOpracticehastraditionallybeendiverse,althoughattemptshavebeenmadetostandardiseitthrough,forexample,theLanguageandNationalOriginGroup',althoughthereisstilldebatesurroundingmanyofthepointssetforth(see,forinstance,Fraser,2011;Cambier-Langeveld,2014;WilsonandFoulkes,2014;Patrick,2016).Onepotentialsourceofcontroversyistheuseoftheinterviewasabasisforthedecisiononasylum,particularlygivendiversityinpracticeandtheinherentlimitationsofLADOwithrespecttodeterminingaspeaker',includingthestructureoftheinterview,thenumberofinterviewers,thetraininggiventointerviewers,whethertheinterviewisspeci?callyforthepurposeoflanguageanalysisornot,thelan-guage(s)usedtoconductthequestioning,thespeechgenreandcontentofquestions,thechannel(inpersonorviatelephone),andduration(McNamara,Verrips,&VandenHazelkamp,2010).Thesesourcesofvariationaffectthequantityandqualityofmaterialprovidedbytheinterview,whichmaythereforeaffecttherobustnessoftheanalyst'sconclusions,andinturnthe?,therehavebeenotherstudiesatthelevelofdiscourse,,Maryns(2006)undertookadiscourse-analyticalstudyoflanguageintheBelgianasylumprocess,'narrativesareneverentirelytheirown,astheyarecontrolledandmediatedbygovernmentof?cials(,1968andCoulthard,1994onhowinstitutionaltranscriptionnormsdifferfromeandthuspotentiallymisrepresenteordinaryspeech,inrelationtoanapparentconfessionrecordedinpoliceinterviewtranscripts).Blommaert(2001,2009)similarlyarguesthatinstitutionalprocessingofasylumseekers'narrativesmayfailtore?ecturately,whichmayactagainsttheinterviewee',Joseph,whoseapplicationforasylumwasrejectedonlinguisticgrounds(Blommaert,2009).Therefugee',spokemainlyEnglishathome,,(widelyusedinUgandabutalsospokeninRwandaneartheUgandanborder).Inreviewinghisstory,however,BlommaertarguesthattheHomeOf?ceadheredtoasimplisticone-to-oneviewoftherelationshipbetweenlanguagesandnationstates,regardingRwandaatthetimeasa‘relativelystableanduniformnation-statecharacterizedby‘national’featuressuchasarelativelystableregimeoflanguage’().HisuseofEnglishandKinyankole,andlackofFrenchandKinyarwanda,'slifehistory,coupledwithadetailedunderstandingofgrowingpoliticaltensions,-cessityofathoroughunderstandingofsociolinguisticandculturalrealitiesinpreferencetoasimplisticfocusoninstitutionalorof?ciallanguages,',thesestudiesdonotaddressthemicro-levelofconversation,uratasequentiallevel,,,?ed,acompanywithhead-quartersinStockholmandwhichprovidesexpertassessmentsinpro?lingaspeaker'sdialectalbackground,?edhadcarriedoutdia-lectalanalysisontheserecordingsbuthadhadnoinvolvementinconductingtheinterviews,whic