‘Norman’ Southern Highbush Blueberry John R. Clark.pdf

该【‘Norman’ Southern Highbush Blueberry John R. Clark 】是由【好用文档】上传分享，文档一共【4】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【‘Norman’ Southern Highbush Blueberry John R. 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】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。HORTSCIENCE53(5):737–:///-18was1to10,-berriesincludedtheadditionofpeattothe‘Norman’SouthernHighbushplantingholes,mulchingwithsawdustorwoodchipsat10-to15-cmdepth,annualBlueberryapplicationofpre-emergentherbicides,irri-1gationasneededusingdripirrigation,an-,UniversityofArkansas,Fayetteville,AR72701?eld,andannualapplicationsofNfertilizer(90–120kg·ha–1dependingonplantage).,AgriculturalResearchService,,Beltsville,MD20705Asinglethree-plantplotof‘Norman’,AgriculturalResearchService,HorticulturalExtensionCenter(OSU-NWREC;Aurora,CropsResearchUnit,Corvallis,OR97330OR)[USDA-ARSHardinessZone8b(USDAPlantHardinessZoneMap,2012);°16#48$N,°45#3$W],withFallCreekFarmandNursery,Inc.,39318Jasper-LowellRoad,Lowell,ORadjacentplotsof‘Aurora’,‘Bluecrop’,97452‘Draper’,‘Liberty’,and‘MiniBlues’(namechangedfrom‘BabyBlues’,smallfruit,fruitbreeding,iniumcorymbosum,PatentOf?cenamerejection,al.,iniumdarrowii2016,parison).Datacollectedwere5%,50%,and95%harvestdate,yield,andberryweight(measuredfrom25berries‘Norman’isthethirdcultivarreleased(USDA,2012);°4#$N,),andfromtheUniversityofArkansasblueberry94°10#$W],plantedin1986,andmeanswerecalculatedeachyearforthebreedingprogram,whichbeganinthelateA--three-,standardcul-,includingdormantpruningan-(USDA).Previouscultivarsreleasedfromnuallytobalancevegetativegrowthwiththisbreedingprogramwere‘Ozarkblue’DescriptionandPerformancecroppingpotential,dripirrigation(Striketal.,(Clarketal.,1996)and‘Summit’(Clark1993),andfertilizationwith90kg·ha–1ofandMoore,1999).‘Norman’isnamedinFourtwo-plantreplicatedplotsof‘Nor-,whoman’wereestablishedattheUniversityoffrombloomtomid-Juneofeachyear(HartbegantheArkansasfruitbreedingprogramArkansasFruitResearchStation,Clarksvilleetal.,2006).Pre-andpost-emergentherbi-in1964andledtheprogramfor33years.[USDA-ARSHardinessZone7b(USDAcideswereappliedannuallyandfungicides,‘Norman’isasouthernhighbush(i-PlantHardinessZoneMap,2012);.)parable35°31#$N,°24#$W],fruitrot(BotrytiscinereaPers.),andin-to‘Bluecrop’,‘Ozarkblue’,and‘Summit’.,particularlyforcontrolofwinterparableto‘Ozarkblue’andreplicateddataweretakenonthese-moth(OperophterabrumataL.),wereap-largerthan‘Bluecrop’andits?rmnessislectionplotsduringSummersof2001–(DeFrancescosuperiorto‘Bluecrop’,‘Ozarkblue’,andAlso,inthisplantingwere‘Bluecrop’,etal.,2013)withoutanyknowledgeofthe‘Summit’.‘Norman’ripens5dafter‘Blue-‘Ozarkblue’,and‘Summit’.Anadditionalsusceptibilityoftheselectionsintrialtocrop’and8dbefore‘Ozarkblue’.Plantsofnon-replicatedplotoffourplantsof‘Duke’thesepests.‘Norman’haveanestimatedchillingre-highbushblueberrywasestablishedadjacentAlso,three3-plantplotswereestablishedquirementof600h(hoursbelow7°C),tothereplicatedplantingthesameyear,inLowell,OR[USDA-ARSHardinessZonewhichislowerthanthatfor‘Bluecrop’andandobservationaldatawerecollectedfrom8b(USDAPlantHardinessZoneMap,2012);‘Ozarkblue’.‘Duke’,yield,°55#$N,°47#(25berriesfromeach$W];Oxnard[USDA-ARSHardinessOriginreplicationateachharvest)werecollectedZone10a(USDAPlantHardinessZoneforthereplicatedplantsanddataanalyzedMap,2012);°11#$N,long.‘Norman’resultedfromacrossofG-566·bySAS(SASInstitute,Cary,NC)with119°10#$W];andDelano,CA‘Legacy’madein1984byArlenDrapermeansseparatedbyleastsigni?cantdiffer-[USDA-ARSHardinessZone9b(USDA().G-566isaUSDAnorthernhigh-,scar,color,PlantHardinessZoneMap,2012);?rmness,and?avorwererecordedand35°46#$N,°14#$W]‘Nor-,2007,and2008,respectively,byman’iniumcorymbosum,-‘Leg-acy’.SeedlingsfromthiscrosswereshippedtotheUniversityofArkansasAgricul-turalResearchandExtensionCenter,Fayet-teville[USDA--mail:******@.‘Norman’(5)MAY2018737FallCreekNurseryFarmandNursery,?veblueberrycultivarsevaluatedattheUniversityofArkansas(FCFN).LimiteddatawerecollectedonFruitResearchStation(Clarksville,AR)in2001–?rstCultivarharvestdateandaverageyield(yieldcol-CharacteristiczNormanBluecropOzarkblueSummitDukelectedonlyin2011and2013,andthe10%ripe3June()2June()8June()3June()21May()()()()()()theseyears).Flavor,pickingscar,()()()()()()()()()()scale,with?()()()()()rating—excellent?avor,smallpickingscar,()()()()(),()()()()()comparisondataonthesevariableswerezMeansand(SD).Datacollectedfromfourreplications;dataof‘Duke’collectedfromoneobservationalcollectedon‘Bluecrop’,‘Star’,and‘Kes-’,where10=,-L–,,and10%and50%bloomranularfertilizerin‘Summit’(Table2).FluctuationsinbloomforfourblueberrycultivarsgrownattheOregon(Hartetal.,2006).Irrigationwasdateswereobservedamongcultivars;forUniversityofArkansasFruitResearchprovidedwithoverheadsprinklersasexample,10%bloomof‘Norman’was3dStation(Clarksville,AR)‘Bluecrop’in2001and2001–,%bloomofCultivarBudswell10%bloom50%bloommen-‘Norman’werealsosigni?cantlyearlier2001zorthwestPestMan-thanthoseof‘Bluecrop’and‘Ozarkblue’(,dependingontheyear,/).Themainpathogensandpeststreatedearlierthanthoseof‘Summit’(Table2).(PseudomonasExactchillingreceivedatClarksvillewas2002syringaevanHall),botrytisblightandfruitnotmeasured,,mummyberry[inii-(Reade)Honey],blueberryleaf7°C,[inii(J?rst),,&,exVanderweyen&],andscaleandaphids(scaleandnotmeasured,soitisunknownhowtheNorman—?ed).CaliforniaplantsrespondtoheatinearlyFebruarytoBluecrop——-tunnelstruc-springwhen?uctuatingcoldandwarmdaysSummit—‘Norman’aver-Norman—(2001–06),Bluecrop—‘Bluecrop’Ozarkblue—,withadditionaldetailedand‘Summit’,5dearlierthanthatSummit—‘Ozarkblue’,and13dlaterthanthatof2005pathogenstreatedwerebotrytisblightand‘Duke’(Table1).The5%.‘Norman’atOSU-NWRECover2008–‘Norman’ismidseasoninripeningand,wasabout7dlaterthanthatfor‘Draper’,,laterthanmanysouthernhighbushsimilarto‘Bluecrop’and‘MiniBlues’but2006cultivars;inaddition,itisnotaslowinmuchearlierthanthatfor‘Liberty’or‘Au-Norman—.‘Nor-rora’(11and25d,respectively)(Table3).Bluecrop—’plantsaresemiuprightingrowthandThedatefor50%harvestfor‘Norman’wasOzarkblue—-about9dlaterthanthatfor‘Bluecrop’andSummit—(Table1).‘Draper’,5dlaterthanthatfor‘MinizMeansfollowedbythesameletterarenot‘Norman’hadearlierbudswell(stage2–3;Blues’,5dearlierthanthatfor‘Liberty’,signi?cantlydifferent(P>)byleastsigni?cantSpiers,1978),resultinginfrostdamagetoandover2weeksaheadofthatfor‘Aurora’.?owerdevel-ThedifferencesamongcultivarsfortheopmentinsomeyearsinArkansas,theonlydatesof95%parabletomajordrawbackinitsperformanceduringthosefor50%,OR,%,?rstharvestdateof‘Norman’ranged50%,and95%‘Sum-from5to28Julyduringtheevaluationperiodcultivarsplantedin2006attheOregonStatemit’,‘Duke’,and10–(2006–11)(datanotshown).InDelano,?rstUniversityNorthWillametteResearchand‘Bluecrop’and‘Ozarkblue’(individualyearharvestdatesrangedfrom3Mayto1JuneExtensionCenter(Aurora,OR)andevaluatedforallcultivarsexceptDukeisshownin(2009–13)(datanotshown).InOxnard,thein2008–-Table2;).Sprinklerirrigationmayberequiredduringtheevaluationperiod2009and2010Cultivar5%harvest50%harvest95%harvestforfullyieldsinareaswherethesefrostevents(datanotshown).,theyieldof‘Norman’‘Norman’,?cantlyearlierthanthoseforthanthatof‘Bluecrop’and‘Summit’,butNorman18July27July10Aug.‘Bluecrop’and‘Ozarkblue’inallevaluationlowerthanthatof‘Ozarkblue’.In2001,,butbloomdateswere?rstfruitingseason,theyieldof‘Norman’(5),signi?‘Bluecrop’()and‘Summit’ResearchStation(Clarksville,AR)andevaluatedin2001–-plantreplicatedplotsof()andsigni?cantlylowerthanthatof‘Norman’wereusedfordatacollection.‘Ozarkblue’()(Table4).In2006,Cultivar200120022003200420052006yieldperplantof‘Norman’wasalmost?veYield(kg/plant)‘Ozarkblue’‘Bluecrop’andhigherthanthatof‘Summit’.(g)ydevelopingbudsand?(onlysubjectivevi--?ed)in2002,2003,2004,,fullyieldpotentialwasnotre-zMeansfollowedbythesameletterarenotsigni?cantlydifferent(P#