Grounding and metaphysical explanation it’s complicated Anna-Sofia Maurin.pdf

该【Grounding and metaphysical explanation it’s complicated Anna-Sofia Maurin 】是由【金钏】上传分享，文档一共【22】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【Grounding and metaphysical explanation it’s complicated Anna-Sofia Maurin 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..PhilosStudhttps:///-018-1080-0Groundingandmetaphysicalexplanation:it?scomplicatedAnna-So?aMaurin1óTheAuthor(s)?inherits?itspropertiesfrom(metaphysical)explanation(andthat,therefore,contemplatingthenatureofexplanationinformsusaboutthenatureofgrounding)oritcouldbeinterpretedassayingthatgroundingplaysanimportant?possiblyanindispensable?roleinmetaphysicalexplanation(andthat,therefore,thattherearetheseexplanationsjusti?espositinggrounding).?inherits?itspropertiesfromexplanationcanonlybejusti?edifgroundingisexplanatorybynature(ifso-called?unionism?istrue),?separatists?,though,oncegroundinghasbeeninthissensedistinguishedfromtheexplanationitbacks,theviewthattherolegroundingplaysinexplanationjusti?(ifany)doesnotjustifyattributingtogroundingwhatevernaturewethinkithas,
Grounding
Justi?cation
Understanding1IntroductionAssume,atleastforthepurposesoftheargumentsetouthere,,assumethat,whenformulatingaviewofitsnature,,ifit&Anna-So?aMaurinanna-so?a.******@,LinguisticsandTheoryofScience,UniversityofGothenburg,Gothenburg,Sweden123:..A.-,?orthodoxy?groundingisahierarchicaldependence-,itisanobjectiveandmind-independentlyobtaininghyperintensionalandnon-monotonicstrictpartialorderingrelation?asymmetric,irre?exive,andtransitive?alwaysholdingbetweenwhatislessandwhatismorefundamental(suchthatthemorefundamentalgroundsthelessfundamental,butnotviceversa).,evenifthiswayofcharacterizinggroundingistheorthodoxy,?thatgroundingisexplanatory?doesnot?(probably)(perhapsall)expressionsofthethoughtthatgroundingisexplanatoryistheideathatitissoina?special?(I?ebacktothisdisjunctionbelow)-nationis,,mostseemtoagree,itisanountsforthenatureand/orexistenceofsomethingwithreferencetosomethingelseonwhichthe?rstthingnon-(again,non-causallyandsynchronically)(2017)callsin?,ratherthanitsde?atedcousins,isthatsomephilosophersobviouslyoperatewithsuchanotion,andthatifyoudo,grounding??atedgrounding,inbeingmoresubstantial,,?best??grounds?mostcorrectlydepicttheworldthey?reabout(Rodriguez-Pereyra2005;Trogdon2013).Butgroundingcanalsobepickedoutusingthesententialconnective?because?orthesentence-formingoperator?invirtueof?.,mostly,thosepeopletendtopreferalternativewaysofrepresentinggroundingbecauseoftheirsupposed?ontologicalneutrality?(Correia2010;Fine2012)..,Schaffer2009,,groundingholdscross-,-,production-orbuilding-relation,andforthelatterconstitutive-,in-virtue-of-,itstandsinneedofbothre?.,(ing)isright,andtherelevantdependence123:..Groundingandmetaphysicalexplanation:it?scomplicatedountofmetaphysicalexplanationinmind,thefollowingexplanations?allfoundinmetaphysics6?seemto?tthebill:-,areasofphilosophymostlyunderstoodasoutsidemetaphysicsseemlikewiseripewithmetaphysicalexplanation:.?smoralpropertiesexistandarethewaytheyarebecausethatthing?,,justasin(i)?(iii),something(themeaningofasentence,consciousness,athing?smoralproperties,ortheexistenceofgender,raceandclass)isexplainedbysomethingelse(asentence?ssocialand/orbiologicalfunction,brainactivity,athing?snaturalproperties,oragroup?scollectiveintentionsandactions)onwhichthe?rstthingnon-,?Interpretedasaquestionaboutthecausaloriginsofthewater?sacidity,-causally,anequallysuitableexplanationreferstothenumberandcon?gurationofhydrogenionsthatcontributetothewater?smake--phenomenon,hatreferstothemicro-phenomenaonwhichthatmacro-phenomenonnon-causallyandsyn--,let?,ountofthenatureofmetaphysicalexplanationwouldneedtobereformulatedinawaythatre???best?explanationischosenbasedonitssuperiorvirtue(Paul2012).Metaphysicalexplanationofthekindthatinterestsushereismorenarrowlyconcernedwithwhatgroundstheexistenceand/ornatureofsomespeci?cx(although,certainly,explanationthusunderstoodwillfeatureprominentlyinexplanationofthemodeling-kind).123:..A.-,involvement,informativenessandjusti?cationTwothingsgroundingtheoristhavesaid(oratleastimplied)aboutgroundingandexplanationseemespeciallywellequippedtoserveasexplicationsofthethoughtthatgroundingandexplanationaresomehowintimatelyrelated:Inheritancegrounding?inherits?(someof)(metaphysical)explanationissuchthatgroundingplaysa?possiblyindispensable??,whenpressedonwhytheythinkgroundinghasthepropertiesitdoes,,thatgroundingisasymmetric,anditisbecauseexplanationinpartconsistsinthesupplyingof?new?information,thatgroundingisirre?exive(Trogdon2013:106).Itisbecauseinanexplanation,ountfortheexplanandumfeaturesintheexplanans,thatgroundingisnon-monotonic(Rosen2010:116;Trogdon2013:109;Dasgupta2014:4).Itisbecausesubstitutionsalvaveritatedestroysexplanation,thatgroundingishyperintensional(Kim1993:167;Schaffer2009:364).Anditisbecauseexplanationmustrelatefactsorstatesofaffairsthatgroundingdoestoo(ClarkandLiggins2012:819;Trogdon2013:105;Raven2013:195).Evenwhenthereisdisagreementoverwhichpropertiescharacterizegrounding,,forinstance,isirre?exivityunder?reifself-(Bliss2014).Andtheordinaryepistemicvirtues(likethatofaffecting?byincreasing?ourunderstanding),hereisRaven(2013:193?194;):[The]raisond’round[.,toprovideexplanationsofthelessintermsofthemorefundamental]imposesdistinctiveconstraintsonground?slogic,suchas(i)irre?exivity:justasnothingexplainsitself,nothinggroundsitself;(ii)transitivity:justastheexplanationofanexplanationalsoexplainstheexplanandum,sotoothegroundsofthegroundsofthegroundedalsogroundthegrounded;(iii)asymmetry:justascyclicalexplanationsareprohibited,sotooarecyclesofground[…];and(iv)non-monotonicity:justasexplanationneedn?tsurvivearbitraryadditionalpremises,sotoogroundneedn?:itbeingawell-foundedrelation(Cameron2008thinksitis,andBliss2013thinksitisn?t,inbothcasesbecauseofhowtheyconceiveofthenatureofexplanation);itbeingtransitive(Raven2013thinksitisbecauseexplanationis,butDaly2005arguesthatexplanationisessentiallyintransitive,inwhichcasegroundingistoo).(2010)andRodriguezPereyra(2015).123:..Groundingandmetaphysicalexplanation:it?scomplicatedInvolvement,next,?perhapsanindispensable?,asweshallsee,(2012a:708?709):Ipositgrounding[…],then,istomakesense[…],bothfortheexistenceofgroundingandforaspeci?cwayofgettingtoknowitsnature:?cationthatthereismetaphysicalexplanationjusti?:ifgroundingis?like?explanation,?cationisequallynaturallypairedwithInvolvement:if?grounding-involving?explanationexists,(2017)dubswhatIcallJusti?cation?theargumentfromexplanatoriness?,bothincharac-(),followedbyaninvestigationoftheInvolvement/Justi?cationclaims().Itsconclusionsaremostlynegative:grounding?srelationshipwithexplanationdoesnotenlightenusaboutitsnature,anditdoesnotgiveusareason?atleastnotaverystrongone?,itistosaythatgroundingandexplanationhave(manyof