该【Linear relationship found by magnetic resonance imaging between cerebrospinal fluid volume and body weight in dogs László Z. Reinitz 】是由【四婆子】上传分享,文档一共【12】页,该文档可以免费在线阅读,需要了解更多关于【Linear relationship found by magnetic resonance imaging between cerebrospinal fluid volume and body weight in dogs László Z. Reinitz 】的内容,可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能,选择自己适合的文档,以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字,如需要获得完整电子版,请下载此文档到您的设备,方便您编辑和打印。:..ActaVeterinariaHungarica65(1),–12(2017)DOI:.001ICRESONANCEIMAGINGBETWEENCEREBROSPINALFLUIDVOLUMEANDBODYWEIGHTINDOGSLászló*,GáborBAJZIK2,RitaGARAMV?LGYI2,BiankaBENEDEK1,?rsPETNEHáZY2,AndrásLASSó3,ZsoltABONYI-TóTH4,BorbálaL?RINCZ2andPéterSóTONYI11DepartmentofAnatomyandHistology,UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine,Istvá,H-1078Budapest,Hungary;2InstituteofDiagnosticImagingandRadiationOncology,KaposvárUniversity,Kaposvár,Hungary;puting,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,Canada;4DepartmentofBiomathematicsandInformatics,UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine,Budapest,Hungary(Received3September2016;accepted2November2016)Despitenumerousstudiesoncerebrospinalfluid(CSF)anditsimportanceduringhydrocephalusormyelography,,ouraimwastomeasuretheintracranial(IC)vol-(MRI)sequenceonthecentralnervoussystemof12healthy,malemongreldogsbetween3––-automaticsegmentationprotocolwasimplementedtosegmenttheCSFandmeas--,±%inthelateralventricles,±%inthethirdventricle,±%±%,indicatingthatthecurrentdosageproto-colsformyelography,basedonahypotheticalproportionalrelationshipwithbodyweight,:Cerebrospinalfluid,volume,hydrocephalus,dog,MRIInnumerousclinicalcasestheoverallvolumeanddistributionofthecere-brospinalfluid(CSF)mayhaveaverydirecteffectonpatientsymptomsand/ordiagnosis(Viteetal.,1997;Arany-Tóthetal.,2012).-spitethat,studiesofCSFvolumeanddistributionarelimitedinnumberandcon-*Correspondingauthor;E-mail:.******@;Phone:0036(1)478-4100/8457;Fax:0036(1)478-42240236-6290/$?2017TheAuthors:..,theCSFandtheinterstitialfluidofthecentralnervoussystemconstituteasinglefunctioningunitwheretheosmoticpressurerelationsbetweenCSF/interstitialfluidandbloodregulatetheflowofthemolecules(Oreskovi?andKlarica,2010;BulatandKlarica,2011).Consequently,CSFvol-uratelymeasuredpostmortembecausethealteredosmoticconditionsandthelackofbloodpressurerapidlychangethepre-(Viteetal.,1997).Duetotheslicethickness,thehighprevalenceofcongenitalandacquiredhydrocephalus(Selbyetal.,1979)inthisbreed,andtheexistingneurologicalsymptomsandanatomicalanomaliesinthesubjects,(Kiietal.,1997;Vulloetal.,1997),anotherbreedknownforthehighprevalenceofcongenitalandacquiredhydro-cephalus(Cammermeyer,1961).Anecdotalradiographicevidencesuggeststhatthelateralventriclesmaybeasymmetricinalargepercentofhealthydogs,.(1997)onbeaglesreportedthatonelateralventriclewassig-nificantlylargerthantheotherin90%(Lab-radorRetrievers,al.,1994;EnglishBulldogs,al.,2014).However,theclassificationofsymmetrywasbasedonthesubjectiveobservationofMRIimages;,whichmakestheresultspotentiallyunreliable(Harrisetal.,1992;Deliganisetal.,2001).Theextracranial(EC)partmentwasmeasuredonthesubjectsofthecurrentstudy(Reinitzetal.,2015).Apreliminarystudywasperformedfirsttodevelopandvalidatethemeasurementmethods(Reinitzetal.,2013),wesoughttoquantifytheinvivointracranial(IC)CSFvolumeandthedistributionoftheCSFamongtheventricles,andparticu-,weaimedtodeter-partmentsandidentifytherela-(SA),2017:..MRI-BASEDINTRACRANIALCSFMEASUREMENTINDOGS3MaterialsandmethodsSubjectsTheresearchwasapprovedbytheInstitutionalAnimalCareandUseCommitteeoftheVeterinaryFacultyofSzentIstvánUniversity(VF).Twelvehealthy,male,mongreldogsaged3–-,(Houston,2000;HoustonandRadosits,2000;Garosi,2004)(BW)valueswererecordedusingcalibrated,(Diprivan1%inj.,Astra-ZenecaLimited,London,UnitedKingdom;6mg/kgbodyweight)andmain-tainedwiththeinhalationofisoflurane(.,Kent,UnitedKing-dom;–2%end-–)-(omAvanto,SiemensAG,Erlangen,Germany).al.(1986),watercontainerswithaquantifiedamountofwaterwereplacedagainsteachsubject’,,theskullwasmeasuredusingaT2weighted3DSPACE(SamplingPerfectionwithApplicationoptimizedCon-trastusingdifferentflip-angleEvolution)--:planeofmeasurement:sagittalplane;minimalTR:1500ms,TE:226ms;turbofactor(echotrainlength)of97;flipangle130;elerationfactorof2;230×230mmfieldofview;310×320acquisitionmatrix;;phaseoversampling80%;sliceoversampling8%;(re-××);××;acquisitiontime:-pliedinthedirectionofsliceselection,andthesequenceresultedin72slicesofthesubject’scranium().ActaVeterinariaHungarica65,2017:..:fissuralongitudinaliscerebri;2:thirdventricle;3:recessuscolliculicaudales;4:parsintermediaofthefourthventricle;5:adhesiointerthalamicaAftertheprocedure,thesubjectsweremonitoredforthreemonths,-derwentphysicalandneurologicalexaminationseverytwoweeks,,(Fedorovetal.,2012)wasusedforsegmentationandmeasure--,withtheanatomicalland-marksalsoclearlyvisible(W=520;L=194),-automaticsegmentationmethodwasimplementedusingthe‘Threshold’function(range:99–1004).Theresultingselectionswereadjustedmanually(usingthe‘Paint’and‘Wand’tools)oneveryslice,startingwiththesagittalimages,,105–160axialimagescoveredtheventricularregion,and196–287imagescov-‘MakeModel’,2017:..MRI-BASEDINTRACRANIALCSFMEASUREMENTINDOGS5Duringthisprocess,‘LabelStatistics’-umeoftheventricleswasmeasured,theselectionwasmodified:theventricleswereindividuallydeselectedusingthe‘EraseLabel’tool(orderofdeselection:rightlateralventricle,leftlateralventricle,thirdventricle,aqueductusmesen-cephali).Afterthedeselectionofeachventricle,thevolumemeasurementoftheremainingselectionwasperformedagain,whichallowedustocalculatethevol-.(A):regionoftherhinencephalon;2:regionofthecerebrum;3:regionofthecerebellum;4:regionoftheponsandthemedullaoblongata.(B):recessusolfactoriusoftheleftlateralventricle;1b:parscentralisoftheleftlateralventricle;1c:cornutemporaleoftheleftlateralventricle;1d:forameninterventricularesinister;2a:recessusolfactoriusoftherightlateralventricle;2b:cornutemporaleoftherightlateralventricle;3:thirdventricle;4:aqueductusmesencephali;5:fourthventricleActaVeterinariaHungarica65,2017:..(Rver-,puting,Vienna,Austria)-metricdata,andapairedt-,re-binedwiththoseoftheECmeasurements(Reinitzetal.,2015),(Reinitzetal.,2013),wevalidatedthemeas-urementprocesswithaPlexiglasmodelofthecanineSAspacefollowingthemethodofLeeetal.(2001),%,thevol-umeofwaterintheaforementionedcontainerswasmeasuredwitheverysubjectusingthesamesegmentationalgorithm,±%-tions(Fitzgerald,1961),,roovesofthebrainwereclearlyvisible,butwewereunabletosegmentseveralportionsoftheICSAspacebetweenthesegrooves,–-–(VICSA)spaceandtheBWinkilograms(P=;ad-justedr2=):(V)=BW×+(Equation1).ICSApartmentvolume,±%,±%,±
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