动词不定式用法.ppt

1
非谓语动词
2
The ass and his purchaser
A man wanted _______(buy)an ass. He went to the market, and ______across a likely one. But he asked _______(allow) take him home on trial_____(see) what he was like.
When he reached home, he put him into the stable with the other asses. The new ass looked around, and immediately went ________(choose)a place next to the laziest ass in the stable.  When the man saw ______he put a halter on the ass at once, and ______(give)him back to his owner. The owner felt quite surprised _______(see) him back so soon, and said, “why, do you mean _____ (say) you ________(test) him already?"I don't want _______him any more," replied the man, "From panion he ______ (choose)for himself, I could see what sort of animal he___(be)."
A man _____(know) by pany he ____(keep)
to buy
came
to choose
to test
to be allowed
to see
this
gave
to see
to say
have tested
chose
is
is known
keeps
3
何为非谓语?
所谓非谓语动词,是指不能作谓语的动词,也不受主语人称和数的限制,但具有动词的某些特征,不仅可以接宾语, 而且还有时态和语态的变化。此外它可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语和同位语。
动名词 V- to + V 3. 过去分词 V-ed 。
三者的核心含义和区别如下:
动词不定式 to + V 一般用来表示目的或结果,或者某个具体的动作。
动名词 V-ing 一般用来表示动作的主动概念和进行意义。
过去分词 V-ed 一般用来表示动作的被动概念和完成意义。
4
一、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。
5
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
完成式
进行式
完成进行式
(not) to make
(not) to have made
(not) to be making
(not) to have
been making
(not) to be made
(not) to have been
made
动词不定式的构成与形式
make
6
A. 不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生
 1 He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。(同时发生)
2 To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。(to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后)
7

不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there.
我到达那里的时候,天碰巧在下雨。
She pretended to be listening attentively.
8
C. 不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
  I'm sorry to have lost your key.
我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
  I meant ____________ my work last night,