词汇学构词法Word FORMATION.doc

Chapter4 Word information II
The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation. There is a variety of means being at work now.
The most productive are :
affixation, compounding and conversion词缀法、复合法和转类法
And there are minor processes of word formation几个次要构词方法:
blending, clipping, acronymy, back-formation and words from proper name


Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. 前缀法是在词干上加前缀构词的一种方法。
We shall classify prefixes on a semantic basis into nine groups我们可从语义的角度把前缀分为九类。
1.“negative” prefixes表示否定意义的前缀
prefixes meaning examples
a- not,the converse of amoral, apolitical
dis- disloyal, disobey
in- injustice
il- illegal
ir- irresistible
im- immature
non- non-smoker, non-classical
un- unfair, unwilling
2.“reversative or privative”(“非”﹑“缺”) prefixes表示逆向意义的前缀
prefixes meaning examples
de- reversing the actiondecentralize, pose
dis- disunite, disallow
un- unhorse, unwrap
3.“pejorative” prefixes(贬损)表示贬义的前缀
prefixes meaning examples
mal- wrongly maltreat, malpractice
mis- bad misconduct, mistrust
pseudo- false pseudo-science
of size or degree表示程度、大小等意义的前缀
prefixes meaning examples
arch- supreme archbishop
extra- superior extra-strong
hyper- extreme hyperactive
macro- large macrocosm
micro- small puter
mini- little mini-election
out- surpassing o