定性研究的数据收集方法.ppt

定性研究的数据收集方法
如何进行研究性的访谈与观察?
田野研究的资料收集方法
田野研究
田野研究是一种深入到研究现象的生活背景中,以参与观察和非参与式观察,以及访谈的方式收集资料,并通过对这些资料的定性分析来理解和解释社会现象的社会研究方式。
田野研究的资料收集方式
访谈
观察
田野研究的基本步骤
进入问题
资料收集
分析资料
作为资料收集方法的访谈
访谈的定义
Usually, interviewing is defined simply as a conversation with a purpose. Specifically, the purpose is to gather information.
Unfortunately, the consensus on how to conduct an interview is not as high.
Interviewing has been described as an art rather than a skill or a science, It also can be described as a game in which the respondent receive intrinsic rewards.
作为资料收集方法的访谈
访谈的种类
The Standardized Interview
The Unstandardized Interview
The Semistandardized interview
The standardized interview
The standardized interview uses a formally structured schedule of interview questions. The interviewers are required to ask subjects to respond to each question.
Researchers assume that the questions scheduled in their interview instruments are prehensive to elicit from subjects all information relevant to the study’s topic(s).
In sum, standardized interviews are designed to elicit information using a set of predetermined questions that are expected to elicit the subjects’ thoughts, opinions, and attitudes about study-related issues.
作为资料收集方法的访谈
访谈的种类
(2) The Unstandardized interview
In contrast to the rigidity of standardized interviews, it do not utilize schedules of questions.
Interviewers begin with the assumption that they do not know in advance what all the necessary questions are.
Consequently, they can not predetermine fully a list of questions to ask. They also assume that not all subjects will necessarily find equal meaning in like-worded questions.
In an unstandardized interview, interviews must develop, adapt, and generate questions and follow-up probes appropriate to the given situation and the central purpose of the investigation .
Unstandardized interviews are sometimes used during the course of field research to augment field observations.
作为资料收集方法的访谈
访谈的种类
(3) The