毕业论文-基于单片机的玩具车控制系统设计.doc

基于单片机的玩具车控制系统设计(硬件电路)
摘要
随着社会生产和科学的发展,单片机技术的飞速发展,计算机控制与电子技术的融合为电子设备智能化开辟了广阔前景,智能化玩具的研究越来越受到社会各界的广泛重视。开发模块化,功能强,价格低的智能玩具小车,已成为全国电子技能比赛的热点,而且智能玩具车在国内和国外都有着巨大的市场。可编程玩具小车将会给玩具市场注入新的活力。
本设计主要完成玩具车控制系统硬件电路设计,控制系统的硬件电路部分主要包括控制器、红外通讯电路、电机驱动电路、键盘电路、LED显示电路、232通讯电路等,直流电机作为小车的驱动电机。单片机是整个小车控制系统的核心,控制所有模块,本系统采用AT89C51单片机,它有着体积小、功效低、功能强、性能价格比高、易于推广应用等显著优点。采用L298N芯片同时驱动两台直流电机,使系统的控制电路简洁,且可靠性高。该设计系统中采用脉冲宽度调制技术(PWM)实现对直流电动机的准确与灵活调速。电机驱动利用软件产生不同占空比的PWM波来控制直流电机的转向和转速。设计中采用软件生成PWM驱动方式,解决了驱动电流的的不可控性问题。采用LED显示,其特点是亮度大,视觉效果好。通过软件编程控制小车实现左转、右转、前进、后退、加速、减速和车灯闪烁等功能。
关键词:玩具车,单片机,PWM,红外通讯,电机

THE CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN OF THE
TOY CAR BASED ON MCU
(HARDWARE CIRCUIT )
ABSTRACT
With the development of social production and science, the rapid development of puter technology, the integration puter control and electronic technology has broadened prospects for electronic equipment. The study of smart toys is getting more and more extensive attention of society. Developing of the smart toy car of modular, functional, the lowest price has e a hot e-petition, and the smart toy cars have a huge market at home and abroad. Programmable toy car will inject new vitality into the toys market.
The pleted hardware design of toy car control system, and the control system hardware consists of the major controller, munication circuit, motor drive circuit, the keyboard circuitry, LED display circuit and munication circuit. DC motor is selected as the car driving motor. SCM is the core of the car control system to control all the modules. This system uses the AT89C51 microcontroller and it has significant advantages of small size, low efficiency, and strong function, high cost performance, easy-to promote the application. Using L298N chip drive two DC motors at the same time makes the system control circuit more simplicity and high reliability. The design of the system uses pulse width modulation (PWM) to achieve the accuracy of the DC motor speed and flexibility. To control DC motor steering and speed