英语语言学 第七章.ppt

Language
change
jet skiing
snowboarding
hydrospeeding
twigloo
netspeak
open-collar workers
newbie
misper
cash flow
bottom line
Netizen
bungee jumping
cyberspace
Vertically challenged
CDMA code division multiple access
SOHO small office, home office
DV digital video
chat room
Language is constantly changing as society develops and the way of people’s life change. Language changes in many aspects, such as the changes in phonology or we say change in sound, the changes in vocabulary or lexicon, changes in syntax in other words grammar and changes in meaning.
An awareness of this point may help to better understand many linguistic phenomena around us. Among those aspects of changes, language change in vocabulary is the most prominent.
kinds of changes
Sound change
Morphological and syntactic change
Vocabulary change
Morphological and syntactic change
Change in “agreement” rule
Change in negation rule
Process of simplification
Loss of inflections
Vocabulary change
Addition of new words
Loss of words
Changes in the meaning of words
Vocabulary change
1. Addition of new words
coinage(创新词)
clipped words(截短词,混和词)
acronyms(词首字母缩略词)
back-formation(逆构词法)
functional shift (word class shift)
borrowing
Coinage
----A new word can be coined outright to fit some purpose, .
walkman Kodak Xerox Ford Benz Toyota
Clipped words
----The abbreviation of longer words or phrases,
. gym—gymnasium memo—memorandum disco—discotheque fridge—refrigerator
Blending
----A blend is a word formed bining parts of other words, .
smog—smoke + fog motel—motor + hotel camcorder—camera + recorder
Acronyms& Initialism
----Acronyms are words derived from the initials of several words, .
CBS---- Columbia Broadcasting system
ISBN----International Standard Book Number
WTO WHO PLA AIDS UNESCO APEC OPEC CAD SARS
Back-formation逆构词
----New words may be coined from already existing words by “subtracting” an affix thought to be part of the old word.
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