动词时态 Tenses.pptx

动词时态Tenses
定义与结构
英语语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
时态,包含:时(时间);态(状态)。
时间包含四种:现在,过去,将来,过去将来。
状态包含四种:一般,进行,完成,完成进行。
英语时态的16种形式
时间
状态
现在
过去
将来
过去
将来
一般
主+动
主+动(过去式)
主+shall/will
+动词原形
主+should/
would+动原
进行
主+be+doing
(am/is/are)
主+be+doing
(was/were)
主+shall/will
+be doing
主+should/
Would+be doing
完成
主+have/has
+done
主+had done
主+shall/will
+have done
主+should/
Would+
have done
完成进行
主+have/has
been doing
主+had been doing
主+shall/will
have been doing
主+should have been doing
一般时
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去将来一般时
一般现在时
表示经常发生的动作或经常才存在的状态。
常见的时间状语如always, often, usually, sometimes, everyday等
主+ do + sth

第一、二人称+ 动词原形(are, do, have)
主
第三人称+动词第三人称形式(is, does, has)

例:I am a student.
I have a brother.
Where do you live?
They get up at 6 o’clock every day.
He has a cellular.
She often goes to bed much late.
由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句亦可用现在一般时表经常发生的动作或经常才存在的状态。
Eg:
1) When e across a new word I consult the English dictionary.
2) Do exercises while the sun shines.
3) One is not guilty until he is proved.
4) Please call me as soon as e back.
一般现在时
连词if 引导的条件从句有时亦可用现在一般时表经常发生的动作或经常才存在的状态。
Eg:
1)If you speak slowly, I understand.
If you speak quickly, I don’t.
2)If you don’t like it you may lump it.
一般过去时
表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。(ago, yesterday, last week, in those day, in 1990, etc)
主+ did + sth
Eg:
I was a teacher 3 years ago.
He did a good thing yesterday.
We had a good time last Summer in Beijing.
They worked too late last Sunday.
肯定
疑问
否定
疑问否定
S+was/were/did/had/
V(P)
Was/were/did/had/V(P)+S
S+wasn’t/weren’t/didn’t/hadn’t
Wasn’t/Weren’t+S
Didn’t+S+V(原)
用于since从句。主句的谓语动词如用现在完成时,其后接的since引导的从句一般用过去一般时。
Eg:
1) You haven’t changed much since we last met.
2) It’s been over a year since I came back from the countryside.
一般过去时
一般将来时
表单纯的将来的事实。
常见状语如:tomorrow, next week, in a few days, etc
Eg.
I will go to see the doctor tomorrow.
It is