转录组测序技术的应用及发展综述.docx

转录组测序技术的应用及发展综述
摘要:转录组测序(RNA-Seq)作为一种新的高效、快捷的转录组研究手段正在改变着人们对转录组的认识。RNA-Seq利用高通量测序技术对组织或细胞中所有RNA 反转录而成cDNA文库进行测序,通过统计相关读段(reads)数计算出不同RNA的表达量,发现新的转录本;如果有基因组参考序列,可以把转录本映射回基因组,确定转录本位置、剪切情况等更为全面的遗传信息,已广泛应用于生物学研究、医学研究、临床研究和药物研发等。文章主要比较近年来转录组研究的几种方法和几种RNA-Seq的研究平台,着重介绍RNA-Seq的原理、用途、步骤和生物信息学分析,并就RNA-Seq技术面临的挑战和未来发展前景进行了讨论及在相关领域的应用等内容,为今后该技术的研究与应用提供参考。
关键词: RNA-Seq;原理应用;方法;挑战;发展前景
Abstract:Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a kind of high efficiency, quick transcriptome research methods are changing our understanding of transcriptome. RNA-Seq to use high-throughput sequencing of tissues or cells of all RNA reverse transcription into cDNA library were sequenced, through statistical correlation read paragraph (reads) numbers were calculated from the expression of different RNA transcripts, find new; if the genome reference sequence, the transcripts mapped to genomic, determine the position of the transcription shear condition, more ic information, has been widely used in biological research, medical research, clinical research and drug development. This pared several methods of platform transcriptome studies and several kinds of RNA-Seq in recent years, RNA-Seq focuses on the principle, purpose, steps and bioinformatics analysis, and discusses the RNA-Seq technology challenges and future development prospect and the application in related field and other content, provide the reference for the research and application of the technology future.
Key word:RNA-Seq ;application; principle; method; challenge; development prospects
前言:转录组是特定组织或细胞在某一发育阶段或功能状态下转录出来的所有RNA的集合。转录组研究能够从整体水平研究基因功能以及基因结构,揭示特定生物学过程以及疾病发生过程中的分子机理。转录组测序(RNA-Seq)是指利用第二代高通量测序技术进行cDNA测序,全面快速地获取某一物种特定器官或组织在某一状态下的几乎所有转录本。随着后基因组时代的到来,转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等各种组学技术相继出现,其中转录组学是率先发展起来以及应用最广泛的技术[1]。遗传学中心法则表明,遗传信息在精密的调控下通过信使RNA(mRNA)从DNA传递到蛋白质。因此,mRNA被认为是DNA 与蛋白质之间生物信息传递的一个“桥梁”,而所有表达基因的身份以及其转录水平,综合起来被称作转录组(Transcriptome)[2]。转录组是特定组织或细胞在某一发育阶段或功能状态下转录出来的所有RNA的总和,主要包括mRNA和非编码RNA(non-coding RNA, ncRNA)[2, 3]。转录组研究是基因功能及结构研究的