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Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Air Mass Thunderstorms
Isolated storms generated by daytime heating of land surface
Convection Cell
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Severe Thunderstorms
Thunderstorms with high winds, hail and possibly tornados
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Mesoscale Convective System
Long-lived, intense cluster of convection cells
Mesoscale Convective Complexes
Large circular complex of thunderstorms active during the night
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Squall line
Line of severe thunderstorms and very strong winds
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Dry line
Boundary between hot, dry air and warm, moist air, which tends to form squall line
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Lightning
electrical discharge producing light from cloud to cloud or cloud to ground
Thunder
sound of rapid expansion & cooling of superheated air around a lightning bolt
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Charge Separation
Difference in charge between cloud top and bottom
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Lightning stroke
Complex series of processes which produce electrical discharge between cloud and ground
Leader
Channel of ionized air along which lightning stroke propagates
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Tornado
Small, intense cyclonic storm characterized by a funnel descending from mesocyclone
Thunderstorms and Tornadoes
Tornado Dynamics
Wind Shear
Convection