英语语言学复习资料.(XC).docx

英语语言学复****资料
一：名词解释
Language （语言） is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human
communication.
Linguistics（ 语言学） is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
General linguistics（ 普通/一般语言学）
The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.
Phonetics（语音学） the study of sounds used in linguistic communication
led to the establishment of phonetics.
Phonology（语音体系） how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication.
Morphology（形态学） these symbols are arranged and combined to form words has constituted the branch of study called morphology.
Syntax（旬法学） then the combination of words to form grammatically permissible sentences in languages is governed by rules. The study of these rules constitutes a major branch of linguistic studies called syntax.
Semantics（ 语意学）the study of meaning is known as semantics.
Pragmatics（ 语用学）when the study of meaning is conducted, not in isolation, but in the context of language use, it becomes another branch of linguistic study called pragmatics.
Phone（音素） is a phonetic unit or segment. The speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communication are all phones.
Phoneme（ 音位）is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit. It is not any particular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic