高中化学芳香烃课件.ppt

第二节芳香烃 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ? 分子中含有苯环的一类烃属于芳香烃 ? 苯 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一、苯的结构分子式: C 6H 6(不饱和) 结构简式: 或结构式: 结构特点: (1)苯分子是平面六边形的稳定结构; (2 )苯分子中碳碳之间的键是介于碳碳单键与碳碳双键之间的一种独特的键; (3 )苯分子中六个碳原子等效,六个氢原子等效。 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二、苯的物理性质颜色状态: 气味: 毒性: 水溶性: 密度: 熔沸点: 无色液体特殊气味有毒密度小于水不溶于水,易溶于有机溶剂沸点 ℃, 易挥发,熔点 ℃ Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三、苯的化学性质 2C 6H 6 + 15 O 2 12CO 2 +6 H 2O 点燃①现象: 明亮的火焰并伴有大量的黑烟②注意: 但不能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (1) 溴化反应+ Br 2 FeBr 3H Br + H Br 注意: 反应物:苯和液溴(不能用溴水) 反应条件:催化剂( FeBr 3或 Fe ) 溴苯不溶于水且密度大于水无色油状物苯与溴反应生成溴苯的同时有溴化氢生成,说明它们发生了取代反应而非加成反应。因加成反应不会生成溴化氢。 Evaluation only. Evaluation only. Created with Client Profile . Created with Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2) 硝化反应 NO 2 + HO-NO 2 浓H 2 SO 4H + H 2 O 水浴加热注意: 50~60 ℃,水浴加热