day 17虚拟语气讲义.doc

1 虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。虚拟语气的重点是: 虚拟语气的特殊形式, 即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式, 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气和表示愿望的虚拟形式等。( 一) 虚拟语气的常见句型(1) 由 wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气: A 用 wish 表示对现在的愿望时, 它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为: 过去式(be 动词用 were) 。 B用 wish 表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为: would,could,might+ 动词原形。 C wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为: had+ 动词过去分词或 could,would+have+ 动词过去分词。(2)had hoped 引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为: would+ 动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。(3)would(had)rather,would as soon,would sooner 和 would prefer 所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如: I'd rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn t stay there too long. 我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。(4)It's (high,about) time that 句型中 that 从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。例如: It's very 's time we had to go. 天太晚了,我们得走了。(5 ) as, 或者 whether … or…谓语多用 be 的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构: Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. (6 )由连接词 in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that 引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即 should(might, would)+ 动词原形,例如: She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for …与现在事实相反, if it had not been for 与过去事实相反,两个 2 都相当于 but for : If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have eeded. (8) 虚拟语气用于 as if( though ) 引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中, 其动词形式与 wis h 宾语从句的形式相同。例如: She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above. 她常常发出发自内心的微笑, 而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈着,就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 She looks as if she would cry. 她看起来好像要哭了。(9) 其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only 等等 IfI were ina movie, then it would be about tim