运营荷载和地震联合作用下跨海桥梁的冲刷效应.pdf

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.(2022)29:2719-2742
DOI:/s11771-022-5112-8
Scoureffectonasea-crossingbridgeundercombinedactionof
serviceandextremeseismicloads
ZHUJin(朱金)1,WANGYa-wei(王亚伟)2*,LIYong-le(李永乐)1,
ZHENGKai-feng(郑凯锋)1,HENGJun-lin(衡俊霖)3
,SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,Chengdu610031,China;
,ChinaAcademyofRailwaySciencesCorporationLimited,
Beijing100081,China;
,ShenzhenUniversity,Shenzhen518060,China
©CentralSouthUniversity2022
Abstract:Foundationscourisanimportantcauseforstructuralfailureofsea-,thesea-crossing
bridgesoperateundertheharshnaturalenvironmentinwhichservicewind,waveandvehicleloadsarestrongerand
extremeloadssuchasearthquake,hurricane,andshipcollision,,
thedynamicbehaviorofbridgeunderdifferentcombinedactionofserviceandextremeloadsmaybefurtherescalated.
Inparticular,thisworkhasinvestigatedthescoureffectonasea-crossingbridgeunderservicewind,waveandvehicle
-wind-wave-vehicle-bridge(EWWVB)system
isestablishedbyconsideringtheinteractionswithinthesystem,andthep−ycurvemethodisusedtocalculatetheload−
,acasestudyhasbeen
performedonacable-
structurewillchangeafterconsideringbridgescour,andthedynamicresponsesofbridgeandvehiclewillbeaffectedto
differentdegreesunderserviceandseismicloadsconsideringbridgescour.
Keywords:foundationscour;sea-crossingbridges;earthquake-wind-wave-vehicle-bridgedynamicsystem;p−ycurve;
scoureffect;dynamicbehavior
Citethisarticleas:ZHUJin,WANGYa-wei,LIYong-le,ZHENGKai-feng,HENGJun--
crossingbridgeundercombinedactionofserviceandextremeseismicloads[J].JournalofCentralSouthUniversity,
2022,29(8):2719−:/s11771-022-5112-8.
,
1Introductionfoundationscourisaveryprominentfactorandhas
attractedwideattentionfrombothacademicand
Asanincreasingnumberofsea-
bridgesarebuiltworldwide,thelong-termandHADIPRIONO[1],over500bridgescollapsed
deteriorationbecomesaveryurgentissuewhichfrom1989to2000intheUnitedStates,among
mayaffectnotonlytheserviceabilityandwhichhalfweredestroyedduetofoundationscour.
endurabilitybutalsothestructuralsafetyofthoseDuringthelastfortyyears,1500bridgeshave
Foundationitem:Project(51908472)supportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina;Projects(2019TQ0271,
2019M663554)supportedbytheChinaPostdoctoralScienceFoundation;Project(2020YJ0080)supportedbythe
ProjectofScienceandTechnologyDepartmentofSichuanProvince,China
Receiveddate:2021-06-20;Accepteddate:2021-09-22
Correspondingauthor:WANGYa-wei,PhD,ResearchAssociate;E-mail:******@;ORCID:-0002-
9286-8725:.
.(2022)29:2719-2742
collapsedinUnitedStates,58%ofwhicharecausedchanged,whichinturnaltersthedynamicbehavior
byfoundationscour[2].Accordingtostatics,46%
ofthecollapsedbridgesinChinafrom2000to2012instance,PRENDERGASTetal[12]developeda
weredirectlycausedbythefoundationscourduringcoupledsoil-bridge-vehiclemodeltoidentifythe
thefloods[3].Similarly,areportshowsthat35%ofleveloffoundationscourusingthechangesin
bridgefailuresarecausedbyfoundationscourbridgefrequencymeasuredunderthevehicleload.
withoutconsideringterroristattacksbetween1986KONGandCAI[13]establishedacoupledvehicle-
and2001inColombian[4].Theannualestimatedbridge-wavemodeltoinvestigatethescoureffects

$50millionintheUnitedStates[5].Overall,thereinforcedconcretebridgewithdifferentfoundation
foundationscourhasposedagreatthreattoforms,WANGetal[14]studiedtheimpactof

Especiallyforthebridgesacrossriversorseas,
,HANetal[15]evaluatedthe
Bridgescourreducesthelateralconstraintofseismicbehaviorofthepilegroupfoundationwith
thefoundations,whichmayaffectthedynamicscouroftheriverbed.
,theForsea-crossingbridges,theynotonlysuffer
scoureffectsonthedynamiccharacteristicsoffromthedailyserviceloadssuchasvehicle,wind,
,butalsofacethethreatsfromtheextreme
Throughthedynamictestofthebridgeaffectedbyloadslikeearthquake,fire,hurricane,blastandso
pierscourbeforeandafterreinforcement,,theextremeloadscanbesimulatedas
SABIA[6]foundthatthedynamicbehavioroftheexcitationsintermsoftime,althoughtheyhave
,themainfocus
otherunprocessedpiersandtheeffectivenessofofthispaperisontheseismicloadowingtoits

method,ELSAIDandSERACINO[7]investigatedlistedabove,foundationscourreducesthebearing
thecurvaturechangesinmodeshapesofbridgecapacityofsubstructure,whichmayescalatethe
superstructureduetothefoundationscouranddynamicresponsesofthebridgeandvehicles

-crossingbridgewithfoundationscourduring
HUGHESetal[8]investigatedthescoureffectonnormaloperation,ifanearthquakesuddenlyoccurs
thebucklingcapacityofthebridgepilebent,andthewithoutanywarning,itmaybepossiblethatthe
resultsrevealedthatthefoundationscourreducedvehiclesmaystillremainonthebridgeduetolack
,the
changeofstructurefrequenciesresultedfromcombinedeffectsfromfoundationscourand
foundationscour,CHENetal[9]developedaearthquakecouldexertsignificanteffectsonthe
schemetoevaluatethescourdepthofacable-stayedsafetyandserviceabilityofthebridge-vehicle
,
analyses,KLINGAandALIPOUR[10]studiedtheclarifyingtheinfluenceofthescoureffectsonthe
scoureffectonthedynamiccharacteristicsofthevehicle-bridgesystemundereitherserviceloador
bridgeandfoundthatthenaturalfrequencyextremeseismicload,thedynamicbehaviorofthe
increasesandthestructureismorelikelytofailaftervehicle-bridgesystemundercombinedserviceand
[11]extremeseismicloadconsideringscoureffectshas
studiedthescoureffectsonthepredominantnaturalnotbeenexploredcomprehensivelyintheexisting
frequency,andtheresultsrevealedthattheelasticliteratures.
modulusofsoilsduringthescouringmightThisarticleaimstoinvestigatethescoureffect
remarkablyinfluencethepredominantnaturalonasea-crossingbridgeunderservice(.,wind,
,thewaveandvehicle)
dynamicpropertiesofthebridgestructurewillbeordertoachievethispurpose,ageneralcoupled:.
.(2022)29:2719-27422721
earthquake-wind-wave-vehicle-bridge(EWWVB)

,.,u(t),v(t)andw(t),which
Firstly,theEWWVBsystemisintroduced,inwhicharetreatedasstationaryGaussianstochastic
alltheexcitations,bridgeandvehiclemodelsasprocessesandsimulatedviaspectrum-based
(t),
,.,thewindturbulencealongthemeanwind
simulatethebridgescourisillustrated,inwhichthedirection,asanexample,theu(t)atthejth(j=1,
p−ycurvemethodisemployedtocalculatetheload−2,…,n)pointalongthebridgespanissimulated
displacementrelationofthepileandsoilunderas[17]:
,withthejN
uj(t)=2Dω∑∑S(ωml)Gjm(ωml)×
establishedframework,adetailedcasestudyhasm=1l=1
beenmadeonacoastalcable-stayedbridge,incos(ωt+φ)(2)
mlml
whichthescoureffectsonthedynamicbehaviorthe
whereΔω=ωu/Ndenotesthefrequencyinterval;ωu
bridgeandthevehiclesrunningonitunderservice
denotesuppercutofffrequencyandNdenotesa
andseismicloadsareevaluated.
sufficientlargenumberoffrequencyintervals;φml
denotesrandomphaseuniformlydistributed
2Dynamicsimulationofcoupled
between0and2π;ωml=(l−1)Δω+Δω·m/n;S(ω)
EWWVBsystem
denotesthewindspectrum;and
ThecoupledEWWVBdynamicsystemì0when1£j<m£n
ïïïïïïïï|j-m|
containsthebridgeandvehiclemodelsalongwithGjm(ωml)=íCwhenm=1m£j£n(3)
externalearthquake,ïï|j-m|2
ïïîïïîC1-Cwhen2£m£j£n
consideringtheinteractionsamongthem,ageneral
EWWVBanalyticalplatformisestablished,whichwhereC=exp(−λωΔ/(2πU))andλ=10denotesthe
;Δdenotesthe
distancebetweentwoadjacentwindpoints;andC|j-m|

Theexcitationfieldscomposedofstochasticwindpointsjandm[18].
roadroughness,wind,waveandearthquakeareThewindspectaforallthreewindturbulence
simulatedbyspectrum-[17]:
simulationoftheseexcitationfieldsisdescribedas502z1
Su(ω)=u*5/3(4)
(z)
[1+(50ωz)(2πU(z))]

TakingadvantageofinverseFourier
152z1
transformation,thestochasticroadroughnessrisSv(ω)=u*5/3(5)
4πU(z)
generatedbythespectrum-basedformula[16]:[1+()(2πU(z))]
n---
r(x)=∑2S(ϕk)Dϕcos(2πϕkx+θk)(1)
i=1Sw(ω)=u*5/3(6)
4πU(z)
-[1+(10ωz)(2πU(z))]
wherexdenotesthelocationoftheroad;S(ϕk)=
---2whereudenotestheshearvelocityoftheflowgiven
Ar(ϕ/ϕ)denotestheroadroughnessspectrum,*
k0
byu*=KU(z)/ln(z/z0);K=;
inwhichArdenotestheroughnesscoefficient
-U(z)denotesthemeanwindspeedatelevationz;z0
dependingontheroadcondition,ϕkdenotesthe
-denotesthesurfaceroughness.
wavenumberandϕ0=1/2π(cyc/m)
discontinuityfrequency;θkdenotesthestochasticThestochasticwavefieldisobtainedby
phaseangledistributeduniformlyover[0,2π].superposingseveralindependentregularwaves[19]::.
.(2022)29:2719-2742
nadopted:
η(yt)=∑2Sη(ῶi)Dωcos(kiy-ωit+θi)(7)
i=1éù
êê2úú
whereη(y,t)denotesthewavesurfaceelevation,êêéêêéêêωùúúùúúúú
êê1+4ζgiêêúúúú
whichisthefunctionofwavepropagationdirectionëωgiû
Si(ω)=S0i(ω)êê2úú´
yandtimet;Sdenotesthewavespectrum;ῶ=êêì2ü2úú
ηiïïéêêéêêωùúúùúúïïïïïïïïéêêéêêωùúúùúú
êêí1-êêúúý+4ζgiêêúúúú
[iDω+(i-1)Dω]/2,inwhichΔω=(ωmax−ωmin)/nistheêêωωúú
ïïîïïîëgiûïïþïïþëgiû
frequencyresolution,ωmaxandωmindenotetheupperëû
andlowercutofffrequencies;kiandωidenotetheéêêéêê4ùúúùúú
êêéêêéêêωùúúùúúúú
wavenumberandfrequencyofithwave;θidenotesêêúú
êêωfiúú
thestochasticphaseanglewhichisdistributedêêëûúú(10)
êê222úú
uniformlybetween0and2π.ìïïìïïéêêéêêωùúúùúúüïïïïüïïïïüïïïïéêêéêêωùúúùúú
êêí1-êêúúý+4ζfiêêúúúú
Inthisstudy,theTMAspectrumSTsuggestedêêïïωfiïïωfiúú
ëîëûþëûû
byGODA[20]isusedforthesimulationofwave
field:whereS=[πω(2ζ+(2ζ)−1]−1;ζandωdenotethe
0igigigigigi
2-5é5-4ùdampingratioandpredominantfrequencyofthesite
ST(ω)=αsgωexpêêêêêêêê-ωωpúúúúúúúú×
{ë4()ûsoilforsupportpointi;ζftandωftdenotethefiltering
éêêéêê22ùúúùúúparametersofthesitesoil.
expêêëêêë-(ωωp-1)/(2σ)úúûúúûü
γýφ(k0h)(8)Additionally,thecoherencefunctionCohij(ω)
þisemployedas[23]:
whereα=(Ug/F),in
s10éêêéêê2dijùúúùúú
whichUdenotesthemeanwindvelocityattheCohij(ω)=Aexpêê-(1-A+αA)úú+
10ëαθ(ω)û
height