2021-2022年电大《英语国家概况》科目考试.pdf

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▼美国经济特点(五个):,Allthe50ordertoformalizeitsroleasapublicinstitutionand
,.
,Farmers▼Britisheconomicproblem:Oneofanadversepayment
,benefitsalotfromitsbalanceratherthanoneofinflation,buttherehasbeen
.
?▼USA:SituatedinthecentralpartofNorthAmericawithits
-Alaskainthenorthwesternpartof
▼英国经济特点(四个):l,ItseconomyisthefirsttohavebeenNorthAmericaandHawaiiinthecentralPacificOcean,the
,BritishagriculturedoesnotproduceUnitedStatesofAmericaisboundedbyCanadaonthenorth
enoughfoodtomeetthecountry',withthe
,BritishindustryisoperatedbyAtlanticOceanontheeastandthePacificOceanonthewest.
differenttypesoffirms—(smallfamilybusiness/thegreatThetotalareaofthecountryis9372,614squarekilometers.
publiccorporationoperatingnumerousplants.)4,BritishUSAvMostoftheUSAisinthetemperatezone
:!,easternpart—Appalachianrange阿
美国『Northeastsectioniscalledthe"IndustrialNortheast”。,consistsofthePiedmont
▼Americanagriculturalbelts:ljhelargestagriculturalareainPlateau函,AppalachianPlateau®)andAppalachian
NortheastandaroundfiveGreatLakes—ThebeltofRange(中).
,westernpart—,SouthoftheGreatvAtlanticCoastalPlain:beginssouthofNewYorkCity,includes
Lakes—,southeast,AtlanticcoasttoeasterntheentirepeninsulaofFioridainthesouth.
partofTexas-,Pacific2,westernpart-TheCordilleraRange科迪勒拉山脉:
coast-fruits,vegetables,wheat./CaliforniaComposedoftheCoastRange®),theCascades(中)andthe
^Canada-isthelargestsinglesourceofgoodsimportedbyRockyMountains(东).
:Locatedinthe
▼FederalReserveSystem—
andbanknoteissuingauthority,
regulatethecountry'screditandmonetaryaffairs,ThesystemgotitsnamefromtheyellowrocksliningtheYellowstoneRiver.
ismadeupof12federalreservebanksandtheir25branchesvGrandCanyon大峡谷:InnorthernArizona,oneofthegreat

▼HowdoesFederalReserveinfluencethevolumeoflong,upto18mileswide,
bank?-TheFederalReservesinfluencethevolumeofbankshowlayersthattellthestoryoftheformationoftheearth.
:'sthelowestpointin
donethroughitsownlendingpolicytobanksandthroughthewholeofNorthAmerica.
'open-marketoperations'.Open-marketoperationconsistsof3,
,东部是central
,themostimportantagriculturalareao
securities,bankreservesarecreated,whereaswhentheFederalvAmericanrivers:l,thesystemoftheGulfofMexico2the
Reservessellssecurities,,thesystemofthePacificocean.
FederalReservefollowsapolicyofmonetaryeasing,by▼TheMississippiRiver密西西比;可:Thelongest,themost
allowingbankreservestogrowrapidly,

hand,.
]匕美五大湖:LakeMichigan,Superior,
vbonds:Theyareanothertypeofinvestment,whichareveryErie,HuronandOntario.
▼GreatSaltLake:it'sthelargestinlandsaltlakeinNorth
borrower'swrittenpromisetorepaytheloanatacertainrateAmerica
ofinterestontheborrowedmoney.▼UK:SituatedinNorthwesternEurope,lyingtothenorthof
▼TheBankofEngland:isthecentreoftheBritishfinancialFranceandthewestoftheNetherlands,DenmarkandNorway,
theUnitedkingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandis
madeupofEngland,Scotland,Wales,NorthernIrelandandvLanguage:Englishistheofficiallanguage,butnotallofthe
numerouscoastalislands,.
countryis242,--Celtic(aboutoneinfour);inScotland--Gaelic

fromsoutheasttonorthwest,theSouthernUplands,thevbasis:Mediterraneanrace—IberiansinvadedEnglandinthe
--theAngles,theSaxons
SevernRiveristhelongestriverinBritain(338km).塞文河是英andtheJutesformthebasisofthemodernBritishpeople,
国最长的河流▼dense(人口密集):Adensepopulationimpliesahighdegree
▼BenNevisisthehighestmountaininBritain(1,343m).%ofthepopulationliveincitiesor
斯山为英国最高峰towns,whereas20%liveinthevastcountryside.
^ThamesRiveristhesecondlongestandmostimportantrivervgrowth(增长):Sincethe19century,thepopulationgrowth

▼LoughNeaghisthelargestlakeinBritainwhichislocatedinemigrationandthefallofthebirthrateandthedeathrate.
NorthernIreland.(396squarekilometers).讷湖(内伊湖)是英国▼Thenationalspirit(民族分裂):TheBritishpeopletakethe
最大的湖nationaldivisionverymuchforgranted,andtheyhavetheir
▼BritishMountains:Thechiefmountainrangesareowntraditions.
the:pennines(中),theCambrians(西,theGrampians(北).▼London伦敦:
,the
▼USA:TheAmericanpopulationismadeupofEuropeanorigin,TowerofLondon,thePortofLondon,Westminster,University
theblackpeople,Mexicans,Indians,PuertoRican,Chinese,ofLondon,theBritishMuseum,theNationalGallery,the
Japanese,,RoyalFestivalHall
"meltingpot"Reason:USAisacountrywheretherearemany▼Edinburgh爱丁堡::the
力口的夫:
differentraces,andtheseracesmixedandassimilatedaftersecondlargestportofEnglandovCardiffthecapitalof
theyimmigratedintothiscountry."Meltingpot"justsignifiesWalesvManchester曼彻斯特:industrialandcommercialcenter
thismixtureandassimilation.▼Belfast贝尔法斯特:capitalofNorthernIreland,industrial
^Distribution:ratheruneven,fourdenselypopulatedareas(Aseaport
口密集区):LalongtheAtlanticseaboard:50million;2,aroundvEarlyexplorations意义:l,Thetwogreatcontinentswere
thefiveGreatLakes:30million;:24discoveredandpeoplegainedabetterideaofthesizeofthe
million;4,alongtheGulfofMexico:10million。
^,theWashingtonkings.
Monument,theLincolnMemorial,theJeffersonMemorial,thevMagellanwasthefirstmanwhosailedaroundtheearthto
纽约:
LibraryofCongressovNewYorkCitythelargestcityandprovethattheearthisround.
thechiefportoftheUSA,NewYorkHarbor,'Indians'
Liberty(152metershigh),Broadway,WallStreet,FifthAvenue,
芝加哥:
TimeSquare,theUnitedNationso^Chicagothesecondfarming.
largestcityinpopulation,thelargestindustrialcity。『Houston▼TheDiscoveryofAmerica:原因是Renaissance—amovement
休斯顿:
MannedSpacecraftCenter,"SpaceCityofUSA"0calledthe"revivaloflearning"
▼Philadelphia费城:"'thecityofbrotherlylove/majorcenterofChristopherColumbusandAmerigoVespucci:in1498.
commerce,finance,
拉斯维力口斯:
Angelescenterofshipping,industryandAmericaotheNewWorldwasnamedafterAmerigoVespucci
communication,aviationcenter,importantelectroniccenter,-"America."
『底意义是
HollywoodoDetroit"themotorcity,"thecenterofitwidenpeople'shorizon,italsoopenedupfresh
automobileindustry。vBoston波士电页:largestmarketofwool,
shoeandleatherindustries,HarvardUniversity,,seanavigationandindustry,and
University。vSanFrancisco旧金山:chiefportandthefinancialprovidedthewayfortherapiddevelopmentofearly
centerofthePacificCoast,birthplaceoftheUnitedNationscapitalism.
Organization(1945),thelargestChinesesettlementintheUSAvTheUSAtodayisthefourthlargestcountryinsizeinthe
▼UK:ThepopulationofUKconsistsoftheEnglish(80%),theworld.
Welsh,theScottishandtheIrish.▼UK:6000-.:cavemen/.:
.:
tribesvictory.
▼四次侵略:—:TheRomanOccupation(.-410)JuliusTurningpoint:In1777AmericanGeneralGatestookavictory
Caesar:theRomangeneralinvadedBritaintwicebetween55inSaratoga萨拉托加
,Cornwallissurrendered,signalingtheend
二:Anglo-SaxonTimes(470-871).TheGermanictribes:Anglos,
SaxonsandJutes."HeptarchynEnd:TheParisPeaceTreatywassignedbetweentheUSAand
三:VikingsandtheDanishRule(871-1042).传奇人物:KingtheUKin1783"巴黎和平条约”
AlfredofWessex:HedefeatedtheDanesthroughmanySignificancesoftheWar:
,Ittellsthe
fromtheisland,hemadeanagreementwithGuthrumthatworldthatajustcausewillsoonerorlaterwinwhiletheevil
GuthrumtorulethenorthofEnglandandheruledthecausewillcertainlyloose,3,ThevictoryoftheAmerican


四:TheNormanConquest(1066).传奇人物:Williamtheoftheothercoloniesintheworld.
Conqueror:'sAdministration:firstestablishedacabinet(1,
Englandin1066anddefeatedandkilledHaroldatThomasJefferson-SecretaryofStatedealingwithforeign
1
,AlexanderHamilton-Washingtonsprivate
establishedthefirstHouseinEnglandanddistributedestatessecuringtheadoptionoftheConstitution,wasappoint
。3,Henryknox—SecretaryofWar。
▼TheDomesdayBook:referstodetailedsurveyofEnglish4,EdmundRandolph—theAttorneyGeneral)
countiescompiledbetween1086and1087bytheorderofvMiltonadvancedfourplans:1,advocatedpayingthepublic
WilliamLitrecordstheextent,,,
,theestablishmentofa
:Afederalistwhoadopteda
▼意义
ConsequencesoftheNormanConquest:1zItincreasedlaw—TheSeditionAct.
theprocessoffeudalismthathadbegunduringAnglo-SaxonvThomasJefferson(supportedbythe
,WilliamtheConquerorestablishedastrongbankers,merchants,tradersandbusinessmen):1,abolishedthe
monarchyinEngland.,3,,boughtLouisiana—itdoubledthecountry,s

wereNormanizedandfeudalized.,4,AlongwiththeNormansdevelopmentoftheyoungrepublic.
cametheFrenchlanguage,whichwouldbethelanguageofvTheWarwithEngland(theSecondWarofIndependence):®

USAvTheWarofAmericanIndependence(1775-1783)Britishcontrolandbegananewperiodofrapiddevelopment
Cause:llnitedKingdomhadbeguntospeedupitseconomicfromasemi-colonialeconomytoanindependentand
exploitationandplunderaftertheestablishmentofthe13self-relianteconomy.
.♦TheAmericanCivilWar(1861~1865)Outbreak:April19,
blastin