冠词的用法.docx

a an,the的用法和区别
1、不定冠词 a ,an 的用法
a 、an与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思.
a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前.
(1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,
I gave him a book yesterday .我昨天给了他一本书.
I am reading an interesting story . 我在读一则有趣的故事. 
(2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用. 
(3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示"每一". we often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校. I went to the library once a week at least. 
(4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物.
a boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你.
(5)在序数词前表示"又一;再一":I want to read the story a second time  我想再读一遍这篇小说.
(6) 表示不特定的"某一个"时. 如:
a mr. smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生来电话找你.
(7)在特定的短语里表示特定的含义,与不可数名词连用,如:have a good time 过得高兴
(8) :
what shall we have for lunch?
what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much.
(9) 在形容词最高级前表示"非常":
lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.
(10)不定冠词用于某些词组中.
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有"那(这)个" "这(那)些"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,:
(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前:take the medicine. 把药吃了.
(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前: he bought a house. i've been to the house.  他买了幢